M2 U2 Food And Health Flashcards
A balanced diet
Is one that contains all the nutrients required for health in appropriate proportions.
Nutrition
Is nourishment- the nutrients and energy needed for health and growth
Obesity
Is when a person is 20% or more, heavier than the recommended weight for their height.
BMI
Mass in kg/(height in m)^2
Lipoproteins
are a combination of lipid, cholesterol and protein used to transport fats and cholesterol around the body.
Selective breeding
Is where humans select the individual organisms that are allowed to breed according to chosen characteristics.
Fertilisers
Are minerals needed for plant growth, which are added to the soil to improve its fertility.
A Pesticide
Is a chemical that kills pests.
A fungicide
Is a chemical that kills fungi
An antibiotic
Is a chemical that kills or prevents reproduction in bacteria.
Health
Is a state of mental, physical and social wellbeing, not just the absence of disease.
Disease
Is a departure from good health caused by a malfunction of the mind or body
A parasite
Is an organism that lives in or on another living being, causing harm to its host.
A pathogen
Is an organism that causes disease
Transmission
Is the way in which a parasitic microorganism travels from one host to another.
The World Health Organisation
Is part of the United Nations. It is the specialised agency for health. WHO’s objective is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health
The primary defences
Are those that attempt to prevent pathogens from entering the body
The immune response
Is the specific response to a pathogen, which involves the action of lymphocytes and the production of antibodies.
Antigens
Are the molecules that stimulate an immune response.
Antibodies
Are protein molecules that can identify and neutralise antigens.
Specificity:
An antibody is specific to a particular antigen because of the shape of the variable region. Each type of antibody has a differently shaped variable region.
Cell signalling
Is the communication between cells that allows effective coordination of a response.
Memory cells
Are cells that circulate in the blood after an immune response. They speed up the response to a subsequent attack by the same pathogen.
Lymphocytes
Are white blood cells that circulate around the body in the blood and lymph. B cells mature in the bone marrow, while T cells originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus gland.
