M2 U1. Exchange and Transport (keywords)

Question 0

Gaseous exchange

Answer 0

Is the movement of gases by diffusion between an organism and its environment across a barrier such as the alveolus wall.

Question 1

An exchange surface

Answer 1

Is a specialised area that is adapted to make it easier for molecules to cross from one side of the surface to the other.

Question 2

Inspiration (or inhalation) and expiration (exhalation)

Answer 2

Are the terms used to describe breathing in and breathing out.

Question 3

Transport

Answer 3

Is the movement of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste and heat around the body.

Question 4

The heart

Answer 4

Is a muscular pump that creates pressure (blood pressure) to propel the blood through the arteries and around the body.

Question 5

The cardiac cycle

Answer 5

Is the sequence of events in one heartbeat.

Question 6

The sinoatrial node (SAN)

Answer 6

Is the heart’s pacemaker. It is a small patch of tissue that sends out waves of electrical excitation at regular intervals to initiate contractions.

Question 7

Purkyne tissue

Answer 7

Is specially adapted muscle fibres that conduct the wave of excitation from the AVN down the septum to the ventricles.

Question 8

In an open circulatory system

Answer 8

The blood is not always in vessels

Question 9

In a closed circulatory system

Answer 9

The blood always remains within vessels.

Question 10

Blood

Answer 10

Is held in the heart and blood vessels

Question 11

Tissue fluid

Answer 11

Bathes the cells of individual tissues.

Question 12

Lymph

Answer 12

Is held within the lymphatic system.

Question 13

The Bohr effect (Bohr shift)

Answer 13

Refers to a change in the shape of the oxyhaemoglobin curve when carbon dioxide is present- this causes the oxyhaemoglobin to release oxygen more readily.

Question 14

Xylem

Answer 14

Transports water up the plant

Question 15

Phloem

Answer 15

Transports sugars and other assimilates up and down the plant.

Question 16

Phloem

Answer 16

Is a plant transport tissue that carries the products of photosynthesis (e.g. Sugars) to the rest of the plant. It consists of sieve tube elements and companion cells.

Question 17

Xylem

Answer 17

Is a plant transport tissue that carries water from the roots to the rest of the plant. It consists of hollow columns of dead cells lined end-to-end and are reinforced with lignin. It provides important support for the plant.

Question 18

Water potential

Answer 18

Is the total potential energy of the water molecules in a system. It is a measure of how likely it is that water will be lost from the system by diffusion down its water potential gradient.

Question 19

A plasmodesma

Answer 19

Is a fine strand of a cytoplasm that links the contents of adjacent cells.

Question 20

Cohesion

Answer 20

Is the attraction of water molecules for one another.

Question 21

Adhesion

Answer 21

Is the attraction of water molecules to the walls of the xylem.

Question 22

The symplast pathway

Answer 22

Moves water through the cell cytoplasm.

Question 23

The apoplast pathway

Answer 23

Moves the water in the cell walls and between the cells.

Question 24

Transpiration

Answer 24

Is the loss of water by evaporation from the aerial parts of a plant.

Question 25

A xerophyte

Answer 25

Is a plant that is adapted to reduce water loss so that it can survive in very dry conditions.

Question 26

Translocation

Answer 26

Is the transport of assimilates throughout the plant, in the phloem tissue.

Question 27

A Source

Answer 27

Releases sucrose into the phloem

Question 28

A sink

Answer 28

Remove sucrose from the phloem