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AHE 110 > M3 Part A > Flashcards

M3 Part A Flashcards

Respiratory System

1
Q

nostrils

A

AKA nose; filters, warms, and humidifies air; organ for smell; contains the turbinates

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2
Q

turbinates

A

musous lined folds in the nose

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3
Q

pharynx

A

the throat, food and air pass through here; connects to the larynx by the epiglottis

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4
Q

larynx

A

between pharynx and trachea; short tube containing vocal chords

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5
Q

trachea

A

connects larynx and bronchi; primary airway into the lungs

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6
Q

bronchi

A

series of tubes extending from the trachea, branching and becoming smaller until they end at the alveoli

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7
Q

lungs

A

spongy organs in the thoracic cavity, contains the bronchi and alveoli

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8
Q

alveolus

A

a single air sac in the lung where O2/CO2 exchange take place

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9
Q

alveoli

A

plural of alveolus, the air sacs in the lungs where O2/CO2 exchange occurs

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10
Q

pulmonologist

A

a physician that specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory track

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11
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome; fluid buildup in the alveoli, can progress quickly

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12
Q

asthma

A

inflammatory condition of the airways, narrowing due to bronchial spasms; causes wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath; different causes

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13
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of a lobe of the lung, complete or partial

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14
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi; can be chronic

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15
Q

bronchospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of the bronchial muscles, constricting the air passages

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16
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; refers to a group of lung diseases such as emphysema that obstruct the airways

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17
Q

croup

A

viral childhood upper airway disease; loud barking cough, difficulty breathing; spasm of larynx

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18
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis; hereditary disease of mucus and sweat glands, present at birth, causes clogging of the lungs

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19
Q

diptheria

A

bacterial upper respiratory infection; starts in the mouth/throat, results in fever and pain

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20
Q

emphysema

A

progressive condition; walls of alveoli become damaged and loose causing impaired O2/CO2 exchange; caused by smoking

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21
Q

fibrosis

A

formation of fibrous scar tissue in the lungs, usually from infection

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22
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the thoracic cavity

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23
Q

influenza

A

AKA flu; viral acute infectious disease, more serious for the young or old

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24
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx, can result in temporary loss of voice

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25
Q

pertussis

A

AKA whooping cough; bacterial highly infectious disease; cold like symptoms and distinct cough

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26
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the throat

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27
Q

pleural effusion

A

a buildup of fluid between the lungs and chest wall causing pain and breathing difficulty

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28
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura membrane that lines the chest wall and covers the lungs

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29
Q

pneumothorax

A

when gas in the pleural space causes the lung to dislodge from the chest wall and lose its ability to fully function; can be caused by injury or illness

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30
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

obstruction of a pulmonary artery or one of its branches, usually caused by a blood clot; labored breathing, chest pain, fainting, tachycardia, cyanosis, shock, and sometimes death

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31
Q

rhinitis

A

AKA runny nose; caused by inflammation of the nasal membrane

32
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome; failure of the infant to breathe, possibly nerve related

33
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinuses, can be bacterial, vital, or allergic

34
Q

sleep apnea

A

abnormal pauses in breathing during sleep

35
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

36
Q

TB

A

AKA tuberculosis; infectious bacterial disease that can cause growths and necrosis in lung tissue

37
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection; generally the cold, can be a bacterial or viral infection affecting the bronchi upwards

38
Q

anoxia

A

extreme low levels of oxygen

39
Q

apnea

A

not breathing (usually for short periods of time)

40
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing

41
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

abnormal breathing, often before death; deep, fast breaths with gaps between

42
Q

consolidation

A

radiologic sign indicating lung tissue filled and hardened with debris such as in pneumonia

43
Q

cyanosis

A

blue appearance due to lack of O2

44
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored respiration

45
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleed

46
Q

hemoptysis

A

expectoration of blood from some part of the respiratory track.

47
Q

hypercapnia

A

an excess of carbon dioxide

48
Q

hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen levels

49
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing while lying down, relieved upon changing to an upright position

50
Q

rales

A

condition of abnormal breathing, often before death, sounds like crackles

51
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

52
Q

tachypnea

A

abnormally fast breathing

53
Q

wheeze

A

breathing with a raspy or whistling sound; common with asthma

54
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases; blood taken from an artery and tested for O2, CO2, and more

55
Q

rapid strep test

A

test that returns a positive result with group-A Streptococcus specific antigens on a throat swab

56
Q

sputum culture

A

test to identify fungus or bacteria in sputum; usually used in cases of pneumonia

57
Q

Mantoux test

A

TB skin test

58
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative, AKA Tuberculin; injected under the skin to test for tuberculosis

59
Q

PFTs

A

pulmonary function tests; a complete evaluation to determine the level of respiratory impairment

60
Q

pulse oximetry

A

the process of using a device that clips to a patient’s finger to measure their oxygen level

61
Q

oximeter

A

a device that clips to a patient’s finger to measure their oxygen level

62
Q

spirometer

A

instrument for measuring air capacity of patients

63
Q

bronchoscope

A

an instrument to insert into and examine the bronchi

64
Q

bronchoscopy

A

the process of examining and inspecting the bronchi with an instrument

65
Q

bronchodilator

A

a substance that dilates the respiratory passages

66
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway; a device that uses pressure to prevent upper airway collapse, used to treat obstructive sleep apnea

67
Q

ET

A

endotracheal tube; inserted through the mouth to establish an airway for exchange of O2/CO2

68
Q

expectorant

A

a drug that thins mucus to help clear it from the airways

69
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical excision of a lobe (of the lung)

70
Q

nebulizer

A

a device that aerosolizes drugs to be inhaled into the bronchi for treatment

71
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose; can add septum (septorhinoplasty)

72
Q

thoracentesis

A

procedure to remove excess fluid from the pleural space with a needle; improves the ability to breathe easily

73
Q

tracheostomy

A

the result when a stoma with a tube is created in the trachea for breathing

74
Q

tracheotomy

A

the procedure of making a hole in the trachea for inserting a tube

75
Q

antitussive

A

a drug that reduces coughing

AHE 110 (10 decks)

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