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AHE 110 > M2 Part C > Flashcards

M2 Part C Flashcards

Digestive System

1
Q

tongue

A

organ for taste, aids with chewing, swallowing, and speech. contains papillae and taste buds.

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2
Q

teeth

A

hard appendages set in the jaw bone to assist in chewing. 2 sets in lifetime.

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3
Q

salivary glands

A

secrete saliva to moisten food and start digestion of sugars and carbohydrates

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4
Q

uvula

A

a small, fleshy mass of tissue at the back of the oral cavity, aids with sound

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5
Q

pharynx

A

muscular cavity referred to as the throat; air and food/liquids both pass through

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6
Q

epiglottis

A

thin cartilage that prevents food/liquids from entering the lungs, just behind the base of the tongue

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7
Q

esophagus

A

connects the pharynx to the stomach, smooth muscles contract by peristalsis to move food

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8
Q

stomach

A

muscular organ that assists digestion with acids and churning of food

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9
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine, connecting the stomach and the jejunum; both the shortest and widest part

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10
Q

jejunum

A

second part of the small intestine, between the duodenum and the ileum

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11
Q

ileum

A

last and longest part of the small intestine, connects the jejunum and the large intestine; narrowest segment

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12
Q

cecum

A

dilated pouch at the start of the large intestine; on the right side of the body near the appendix

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13
Q

appendix

A

a small tube extending from the cecum; thought to be part of the intestine’s internal immune system

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14
Q

ascending colon

A

beginning part of the large intestine between the cecum and transverse colon; on the right side of the body

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15
Q

transverse colon

A

second part of the large intestine, between the ascending and descending colon, running horizontally across the abdomen.

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16
Q

descending colon

A

third part of the large intestine, between the transverse and sigmoid colons, usually on the left side of the body. stores partially-digested food.

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17
Q

sigmoid colon

A

fourth part of the large intestine, connecting the descending colon and the rectum. stores feces.

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18
Q

rectum

A

last part of the large intestine, stores feces

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19
Q

anus

A

opening of the rectum on the body surface for expelling feces; controlled by 2 sphincters, circular muscles.

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20
Q

gallbladder

A

a muscular sac containing bile from the liver before it is dispensed into the duodenum

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21
Q

liver

A

a large, glandular organ that creates bile and processes certain substances in the blood.

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22
Q

pancreas

A

a large, elongated gland behind the stomach; secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum and insulin/other hormones into the blood

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23
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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24
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus; can develop from GERD

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25
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

AKA GERD; backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing heartburn

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26
Q

hiatal hernia

A

a protrusion of the top of the stomach through part of the diaphragm; may need surgical repair

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27
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas; severe pain, can be acute or chronic; related to gall stones, alcoholism, etc.

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28
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by gallstones or bacterial infection

29
Q

cholelithiasis

A

having gallstones, hardened cholesterol stones formed from bile

30
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder

31
Q

cirrhosis

A

widespread disruption of the liver structure by fibroids caused by damage related to some progressive conditions

32
Q

jaundice

A

yellowish pigmentation of tissues/fluids caused by an abundance of bilirubin

33
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the space between tissues and organs of the abdominal cavity

34
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestinal linings

35
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

36
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical removal of the appendix

37
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

AKA IBD; a group of autoimmune disorders with chronic inflammation of the GI track, includes Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis

38
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease, can affect any part of the GI track; symptoms include pain, diarrhea, gas, bloating, vomiting

39
Q

diverticulum

A

an abnormal pouch off of a hollow part of the body such as the intestines

40
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticulum, usually caused by infection

41
Q

polyposis

A

many polyps, common in the colon

42
Q

colectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the large intestine

43
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the body surface for the exit of fluids

44
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening between the ileum and the body surface for the exit of fluids

45
Q

colonoscopy

A

use of an endoscope to examine the colon

46
Q

gastroscopy

A

use of an endoscope to examine the stomach

47
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

AKA EGD; use of an endoscope to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

48
Q

emesis

49
Q

flatulence

A

AKA farting; affected by gas in the colon

50
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormally frequent and watery bowel movements

51
Q

melena

A

dark, tarry stools; indicates bleeding in the upper GI track.

52
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity

53
Q

anorexia

A

lack of hunger

54
Q

emaciation

A

the state of being very thin and feeble

55
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting and malnutrition, associated with disease

56
Q

peristalsis

A

muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system

57
Q

bilirubin

A

byproduct of blood cell breakdown, excreted by the liver in bile; can be found in blood or urine in cases of jaundice

58
Q

gastric bypass

A

surgery that aids in weight loss by reducing the size of the upper GI track.

59
Q

Roux-en-Y bypass

A

AKA RNY; divides the stomach into two portions, one connected to the esophagus and the duodenum, the other only to the jejunum

60
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

61
Q

GIB

A

gastrointestinal bleeding

62
Q

UGIB

A

upper gastrointestinal bleeding; from the stomach and above

63
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease. stomach acid back-flows into the esophagus.

64
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease; group of autoimmune disorders with chronic inflammation of the GI track, includes Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis

65
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome; a group of symptoms including pain and change in bowel movements

66
Q

BMI

A

body mass index; commonly used method for determining patient health by weight in reference to their height

67
Q

NG

A

nasogastric tube, sometimes NGT; for feeding nutrition through tube in nose

68
Q

NPO

A

nil per os AKA nothing by mouth; standard before procedures utilizing general anesthesia to prevent aspiration of stomach contents

69
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition; total feeding of patient by liquid nutrition, often used for comatose patients

AHE 110 (10 decks)

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