M3: Human Biocultural and Social Evolution

Question 1

Type of evolution that pertains to the integration of biological and cultural factors as living beings change over time.

Answer 1

Biocultural Evolution

Question 2

The Manlike Primates

Answer 2

Hominids

Question 2

Development of the different species of primates which were able to evolve 40 million years ago.

Answer 2

Hominids

Question 2

The Handy Man; Recognized as the first true humans

Answer 2

Homo Habilis

Question 3

The apelike men who first used stone tools as weapons and protection against their enemies.

Answer 3

Homo Habilis

Question 3

The Upright Man; Can walk straight with almost the same brain as modern man

Answer 3

Homo Erectus

Question 4

First manlike creature that lived about 500k years ago in Asia, Africa, and Europe and made refined stone stools for hunting and weapons for protection of the enemies

Answer 4

Homo Erectus

Question 5

The Thinking Man; Direct descendant of modern man

Answer 5

Homo Sapiens

Question 6

They had similar physical descriptions whose activities were largely dependent on hunting, fishing, and agriculture; They buried their dead, used and had tools, and had religion

Answer 6

Homo Sapiens

Question 7

They survived through hunting larger animals, collecting shellfish and vegetable gathering

Answer 7

Food Gathering or Foraging Societies

Question 8

They planted seeds

Answer 8

Horticultural Societies

Question 9

They raised animals to provide milk, fur, and blood for protein

Answer 9

Pastoral Societies

Question 10

They are typically relatively small, wandering communities organized along male-centerd kinship groups.

Answer 10

Pastoral Societies

Question 11

People used plow than hoe in food production; Irrigation farming was introduced

Answer 11

Agricultural Societies

Question 12

Use of machines as means of food production

Answer 12

Industrial Societies

Question 13

Based on the production of information and services; The economy is driven by knowledge and not materials goods

Answer 13

Post-Industrial or Information Societies

Question 14

Patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

Answer 14

Cultural Universals

Question 14

Rich diversity in social patterns that different human groups exhibit around the world

Answer 14

Cultural Variation

Question 14

A culture practice by groups whose values and norms place it at odds with mainstream society or a group that actively rejects the dominant cultural values and norms

Answer 14

Counter Culture

Question 14

Specific and unique set of beliefs and values that set them apart from the dominant culture

Answer 14

Subculture

Question 15

A culture practiced and patronized by the upper classes of society.

Answer 15

High Culture

Question 15

A culture practiced or patronized by the middle and working classes of the society.

Answer 15

Popular Culture

Question 16

The feeling of disoriented, uncertain, out of place or even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture.

Answer 16

Culture Shock

Question 16

The regard that one’s own culture and society is the center of everything and seen as the most efficient and superior among the cultures in the world.

Answer 16

Ethnocentrism

Question 17

the practice by assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture.

Answer 17

Culture Relativism

Question 18

is observed when new opens up new ways of living and when new ideas enter a culture as a result of globalization.

Answer 18

Cultural Change

Question 19

4 Advantages of Cultural Relativism

Answer 19

(1) It promotes cooperation, (2) Respect and Equality is encouraged, (3) It preserves human cultures, (4) Cultural relativism creates a society without judgement

Question 20

Everything that happens within a culture should not be questioned by outsiders

Answer 20

Absolute Culture Relativism

Question 21

Questions about cultural practices in terms of who is accepting them and why

Answer 21

Critical Culture Relativism

Question 22

No objective grounds for preferring the moral values of one culture over another

Answer 22

Meta-ethical Moral Relativism

Question 23

Idea that all societies should accept each other’s differing moral values

Answer 23

Normative Moral Relativism

Question 24

Moral standards are culturally defined

Answer 24

Descriptive Moral Relativism