M2: The Concept of Society and Culture Flashcards
Means companion in Latin?
‘Societas’
Refers to all people collectively regarded as constituting a community of related, interdependent individuals living in a definite place, following a certain mode of life (Ariola, 2012)
Society
Groups in reciprocal relationships, interacting with one another, doing life activities, help each person to accomplish his interest with his fellow
Functional Definition
Total social heritage of folkways, mores and institutions; of habits, sentiments and ideals
Structural Definition
(Reasons people live together as a society) Depends on our parents by their care, support, and protection
For Survival
(Reasons people live together as a society) People flock together for emotional warmth and belongingness
Feeling of Gragariousness
(Reasons people live together as a society) Different professions organize themselves into societies to promote and protect their own professions
Specialization
Complex whole which consists of knowledge, beliefs, ideas, habits, attitudes, skills, abilities, values, norms, and other capabilities of man (E.B. Taylor)
Culture
These are acquired, learned, and socially transmitted by man from one generation to another through language and living together as members of society (Arcinas, 2016)
Culture
Everything that people have, thinks, and does as members of a society
Concept of Culture
Anything that is used to give meaning to the culture
Symbol
System of words and symbols used to communicate with other people
Language
Storehouse of Culture (Arcinas, 2016)
Language
Application of knowledge and equipment to ease the task of living (Arcinas, 2016)
Technology
Use the shared system of values to decide what is good and bad
Values
Faith of an individual
Beliefs
Specific standards to guide appropriate behavior (Arcinas, 2016)
Norms
Defines and tells us things not to do
Proscriptive Norm
Devines and tells us things to do
Prescriptive Norm
Physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture
Material Culture
Nonphysical ideas that people have about their culture
Non-material Culture
Imitate the doings of the people, values, attitude, language in their social environment
Imitation
Taken from the form of formal (learns from school) or informal (watching, reading, or interactions) teachings
Indoctrination
values , beliefs, and attitude of other people are acquired through conditioning
Conditioning
Same culture may take place in two or more different places
Parallelism
Behavioral patterns that pass back and forth from one culture to another
Diffusion
Takes place when two ore more cultures are merged into one culture
Convergence
When people break away from their original culture and develops a different culture of their own
Fission
When individuals incorporate the behavioral patterns of other cultures into their own
Acculturation
When the culture of a larger society is adopted by a smaller society
Assimilation
Larger and smaller society are able to respect and tolerate each other’s culture
Accommodation
Finding a new place or an object, artifact, or anything that exists
Discovery
Creative mental process of devising, creating, and producing something new, or original
Invention
Biological fusion of members of different societies
Amalgamation
Deliberate infusion of a new culture to another
Enculturation
Political and social policy of establishing a colony that would be subject to the governance of the colonizing state
Colonization
Aims to change the whole social order and replace the leadership
Rebellion and Revolutionary
Why do people live together as a society?
(1) For Survival, (2) Feeling of Gregariousness, (3) Specialization
Are customs that we follow but are often not written down. We learn them through intuitions as we grow up
Folkways
Are moral norms. If you break them you would be seen as not just in poor taste, but immoral. They’re often linked to religious rules
Mores
Are ‘negative norms’ - things that people find offensive and socially inappropriate if you are caught doing them
Taboos
Are norms that are actually defined as being legal or illegal
Laws
