M3: Choices for Change: A Healthy Decision Flashcards
who said that “habit is habit, not to be flung out the window by anyone, but coaxed downstairs a step at a time.”
Mark Twain
who said: “Our character is basically a composite of our habits. Because they are consistent, often unconscious patterns, they constantly, daily express our character,”
Stephen Covey
who said that “Excellence is an art won by training and habituation.”
ARISTOTLE
DECIDE MODEL
Decide in advance what the problem is
Explore the alternatives
Consider the consequences
Identify your values
Decide and take action
Evaluate the consequences
HELP
Healthful
Ethical
Legal
Parent Approval
are OBSERVABLE and ACTIVE INTERVENTION components aiming to regulate behavior
BEHAVIOR CHANGE TECHNIQUES
developing new behaviors is SMALL GRADUAL STEPS
SHAPING
practicing through MENTAL IMAGERY to produce better performance of an event in actual setting
IMAGINED REHEARSAL
learning specific behaviors by CAREFUL OBSERVATION of other’s action
MODELING
attempt to influence a behavior by using situations and occasions that are structured to EXERT CONTROL over that behavior
SITUATIONAL INDUCEMENT
presenting SOMETHING POSITIVE AS A REWARD for behaviors reinforced
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
THINKING AND TALKING TO YOURSELF through these cognitive procedures - rational-emotive therapy; stress inoculation (Meichenbaum’s Self-instructional methods); blocking/thought stopping
CHANGING SELF-TALK
What makes every person unique?
COMPLEXITY OF YOUR VERY PERSONALITY
is believed to be a MAJOR DETERMINANT of good health
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR
the SUM of the positive and negative
INFLUENCES on a person’s health and wellbeing
HEALTH STATUS
Factors Influencing Behavior Change Decisions
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
ENABLING FACTORS
REINFORCING FACTORS
Life experiences, knowledge,
attitudes, cultural and ethnic inheritance, and current beliefs and values, personal preferences, existing skills,
and self-efficacy are all predisposing factors. Factors
that may predispose us to certain conditions include our age, sex, race, income, family background, educational
background and access to health care.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Skills or abilities; physical, emotional and mental capabilities; and resources and accessible facilities that make health decisions more convenient or difficult are enabling factors. Positive
enablers encourage you to carry through on your intentions. Negative enablers work against your intentions to change
ENABLING FACTORS
Factors that reward or reinforce the desired behavior change include social support, economic rewards and changing social norms.
REINFORCING FACTORS
an APPRAISAL of the relationship between some object, action, or idea and some attribute of that object,
action or idea.
BELIEF
a RELATIVELY STABLE SET OF BELIEFS, feelings and
behavior tendencies in relating to something or someone.
ATTITUDE
a judgment made on the ‘ATTITUDE OBJECT’ (a person, place, task, event, skill, etc.).
ATTITUDE
Attitudes have been described as _____ that represent a person’s LIKE OR DISLIKE FOR ANYTHING
HYPOTHETICAL CONSTRUCTS
these can range from positve, negative or neutral
JUDGEMENTS
arise out of CORE VALUES AND BELIEFS we hold internally
ATTITUDES
are ASSUMPTIONS AND CONVICTIONS we hold to be true based
on past experiences.
BELIEFS
are WORTHY IDEAS based on things, concepts and people
VALUES
are how these INTERNALIZED SYSTEMS (attitudes, beliefs and values) are
expressed.
BEHAVIORS
defined as those PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES such as beliefs, expectations, motives, values, perceptions and other cognitive elements; personality characteristics, including affective and emotional states
and traits; and overt behavior patterns, actions and habits that relate to health maintenance, to health
restoration, and health improvement (Gochman, 1982).
HEALTH BEHAVIOR
A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL engages in ______ when
he or she engages in any activity for the purpose of PREVENTING OR DETECTING ILLNESS in an asymptomatic
state
PREVENTIVE HEALTH BEHAVIOR
An ILL INDIVIDUAL engages in _______ when he or she engages in activity to first define the state of
health and then to DISCOVER A SUITABLE REMEDY.
ILLNESS BEHAVIOR
Ill individuals also engage in _____ when they engage in activities for thePURPOSE OF GETTING WELL.
SICK-ROLE BEHAVIOR
affect health
relate to starvation, lack of access to water, inadequate food intake, exposure to infectious diseases, intoxication from an unhealthy environment, and
smoking, inadequate treatment by health services, accidents and violence.
IMMEDIATE FACTORS
lack of food security, lack of safe water, unsafe working conditions and the way the health services are
organized in terms of their accessibility, adequacy and quality.
BASIC FACTORS
those MAJOR CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES such as the following: the shape of the economy, environment, and agriculture, and
employment, fairness of wages, human rights, gender issues, and education.
UNDERLYING CAUSES
the degree to which
individuals have the capacity to OBTAIN, PROCESS, AND UNDERSTAND basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.
HEALTH LITERACY
requires a complex group of reading, listening, analytical, and decision-making skills, and the ability to apply these skills to health situations.
HEALTH LITERACY
a MAJOR DETERMINANT OF GOOD HEALTH, but heredity, access to health care, and the environment can also influence health status.
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
I. ROSENSTOCK
are the SETTING EVENTS FOR A BEHAVIOR; they cue or stimulate a person to act in certain ways.
ANTECEDENTS
the RESULTS OF BEHAVIOR – affect
whether a person will repeat a behavior.
CONSEQUENCES
