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ITHCS > M2 > Flashcards

M2 Flashcards

1
Q

are numbers that SUMMARIZE INFORMATION RELATED TO HEALTH. Researchers and experts from government, private, and non-profit agencies and organizations collect health statistics. They use the statistics to learn about public health and health care. (Medline Plus)

A

HEATLH STATISTICS

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2
Q

is a MEASURABLE CHARACTERISTIC that describes the following:
☆the health of population (e.g., life expectancy, mortality, disease prevalence or incidence);
☆determinants of health (health behaviors, risk factors);
☆health care access, cost, quality and use.

A

HEALTH INDICATOR

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3
Q

It may be defined for a specific population, place, political jurisdiction, or geographic area. Each indicator can still be differentiated into four domains namely: health status, risk factors service coverage and health systems.

A

HEALTH INDICATOR

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4
Q

mortality by age, sex and cause, core morbidity and fertility indicators

A

HEALTH STTAUS INDICATORS

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5
Q

nutrition, environmental, behavioral, injuries and violence

A

RISK FACTORS

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6
Q

reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent, immunization, HIV, TB, malaria, NTDs, NCDs, mental health and substance abuse

A

SERVICE COVERAGE

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7
Q

health facility density and distribution, health workforce, health information, and quality and safety of care, health security capacity

A

HEALTH SYSTEMS

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8
Q

Information that is QUANTIFIABLE and is REPORTED AS NUMBER;
has value and many uses, but cannot be compared

A

METRIC

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9
Q

PUT METRICS INTO SOME KINF OF CONTEXT, usually using a ratio (per X) and designed to ensure comparability (e.g., being risk-adjusted or
standardized). Directionality may or may not exist

A

HEALTH INDICATOR

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10
Q

A health indicator that has a DESIRED DIRECTION (e.g., lower is better)

A

HEALTH PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

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11
Q

surveillance came from the french words

A

sur - meaning over
veiller - to watch

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12
Q

is the “CLOSE AND CONTINUOUS OBSERVATION of one or more persons for the purpose of direction, supervision, or control” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).

A

SURVEILLANCE

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13
Q

In his classic 1963 paper, _____ applied surveillance for a disease to mean “the CONTINUED WATCHFULNESS over the distribution and trends of incidence [of a disease] through the systematic collection, consolidation, and evaluation of morbidity and mortality reports and other relevant data.”

A

ALEXANDER LANGMUIR

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14
Q

involves the measurement of health outcomes, including the occurrence of adverse clinical events, degree of therapeutic response achieved, and success in preventing or reducing morbidity and mortality.

A

EPIDEMIOLOGY

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15
Q

are the NUMBER OF CASES OF A DISEASE or other health phenomenon under study.

A

COUNTS

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16
Q

is the expression of the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ITEMS. These items may be either related to or independent of each other. Mathematically, a ___ is expressed as X:Y.

A

RATIO

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17
Q

is the expression of the RELATIONSHIP OF ONE PART TO THE WHOLE. A ______ is expressed as percent. Mathematically, a proportion is expressed as: x/y X k.

A

PROPORTION

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18
Q

is the expression of the PROBABILITY OF OCCURENCE of a particular event in a defined population during a specified period of time.

A

RATE

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19
Q

ELEMENTS OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

A

SERVICE DELIVERY
HEALTH WORKFORCE
VACCINES, MEDICINES, TECHNOLOGY
FINANCING
INFORMATION SYSTEM
LEADERSHIP / GOVERNANCE

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20
Q

VARIABLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

PERSON
PLACE
TIME

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21
Q

ORS

A

ORAL REHYDRATION SALT

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22
Q

Rates can be expressed in three forms:

A
  1. crude rate
  2. adjusted rate
  3. specific rate
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23
Q

is used when the true denominator or population at risk CANNOT BE DETERMINED.

A

INDEX

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24
Q

A related denominator is used as a measure of the population at risk. An index is then a _____.

A

PSEUDORATE

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25
Q

measure the rate of BIRTH

A

NATALITY RATE

26
Q

measure the rate of ILLNESS

A

MORBIDITY RATE

27
Q

a measure of the rate at which HEALTHY PEOPLE DEVELOP A DISEASE during a specific time period

A

INCIDENCE RATE

28
Q

refers to a SPECIFIC TIME

A

POINT PREVALENCE

29
Q

refers to a GIVEN TIME INTERVAL

A

PERIOD PREVALENCE

30
Q

It is an incidence rate that is CALCULATED IN AN EPIDEMIC SITUATION using a particular population observed for a limited period of time.

A

ATTACK RATE

31
Q

measure the rate of DEATH

A

MORTALITY RATE

32
Q

It predicts the RISK OF DYING if the disease is contracted

A

CASE-FATALITY RATE

33
Q

It measures YEARS OF HEALTHY LIFE LOST due to living in states of less than full health

A

YEAR OF LIFE WITH DISABILITY

34
Q

It represents the total number of YEARS LOST TO ILLNESS, disability, or premature death within a given population. It allows for comparison of impact of a program and/or diseases across population.

A

DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR

35
Q

Gives us an idea of how many EXTRA MONTHS OR YEARS of life of reasonable quality a person MIGHT GAIN as RESULT OF TREATMENT.

A

QUALITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS

36
Q

quantitative measure of PREMATURE MORTALITY. It reflects the mortality trends of younger age-groups by taking into account not only the cause of death but also the age at which it occurs.

A

YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST

37
Q

higher income and social status are linked to better health. The greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the
greater the differences in health.

A

INCOME AND SOCIAL STATUS

38
Q

low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence.

A

EDUCATION

39
Q

safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health. Employment and working conditions – people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working conditions

A

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

40
Q

greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health.

A

SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWROKS

41
Q

customs and traditions, and the
beliefs of the family and community all affect health.

A

CULTURE

42
Q

inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Personal behavior and coping skills – balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health.

A

GENETICS

43
Q

access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influences health

A

HEALTH SERVICES

44
Q

Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages.

A

GENDER

45
Q

PROCEDURES FOR HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENTS

A
  1. SCREENING
  2. SCOPING
  3. ASSESSMENT
  4. RECOMMENDATIONS
  5. REPORTING
  6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
46
Q

SYSTEMATIC PROCESSES that USES AN ARRAY OF DATA` sources and analytic methods and considers input from stakeholders to determine the potential effects of a proposed policy, plan, program, or project on the health of a population and the
distribution of the effects within the population. This provides recommendations on monitoring and managing those effects.

A

HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENTS

47
Q

HIA is derived from two sources:

A

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND HEALTH PROMOTION

48
Q

data measured on NUMERICAL SCALE

A

QUANTITATIVE METRIC

49
Q

effectiveness & efficiency of OPERATION ACTIVITY

A

PERFORMANCE

50
Q

SUCCESSFUL ACCOMPLISHMENTS of activity

A

ACHIEVEMENT

51
Q

RESPONSIBILITY for the performance and achievement

A

ACCOUNTABILITY

52
Q

NOH

A

NATIONAL OBJECTIVE FOR HEALTH

53
Q

study of USES & DRUG EFFECTS in a defined population

A

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

54
Q

PHARMAKON

A

DRUG

55
Q

EPI

A

UPON / AMONG

56
Q

DEMOS

A

PEOPLE / DISTRICT

57
Q

LOGOS

A

STUDY

58
Q

SABA

A

SHORT ACTING BETA AGONIST

59
Q

LABA

A

LONG ACTING BETA AGONIST

60
Q

HIA CHARACTERISTIC

A

PROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT

61
Q

SDG DIMENSIONS

A

SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT

62
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH:

A

ASSURANCE
ASSESSMENT
POLICY DEVELOPMENT

ITHCS (7 decks)

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