M3

Question 1

what are those in common called

Answer 1

conserved

Question 2

what is it called when you compare sequences of genome

Answer 2

alligning

Question 3

what underpins everything about genomes

Answer 3

comparing genomes - aligning

Question 4

when comparing genome within species what are 3 differences that they could be associated

Answer 4

1. diseases
2. evolutionary history
3. characteristics

Question 5

what can we learn if comparing genome between species

Answer 5

1. What sort of genes they have
2. How differences between species arise
3. Relationships

Question 6

T/f DNA bases can be modified when degrade - can sometimes change the sequence

Answer 6

true

Question 7

what 5 things did hey find when looking in a cave for genome

Answer 7

• 4 billion neanderthal nucleotides
  
  • Develop tools to see if modern
  • Sequence of 3 individuals ( however 2 of them maybe closely relative
  • Enough sequence to compare with modern human genome
    Identified bits of DNA that differ between Neanderthals and us

Question 8

Modern humans from Europe and Asia carry neanderthal alleles what content doesn’t

Answer 8

africa

Question 9

what type of DNA adds to the varient in our genome that might be related to our phenotype

Answer 9

Neanderthals

Question 10

what are mutation called that are inherited

Answer 10

germline

Question 11

what type of effect does majority of mutations have

Answer 11

no effect

Question 12

what can the outcome of mutations depend on

Answer 12

1. environment
2. genetic background

Question 13

t/f In a single gene mutations can have different effects

Answer 13

true

Question 14

t/f Molecule basis in mutation often consistent

Answer 14

false - not constant

Question 15

t/f humans have 2 copies of each gene

Answer 15

true
because they are diploid

Question 16

between dominant and recessive mutation what one occurs when heterozygous

Answer 16

dominant

Question 17

explain loss of function
is this recessive or dominant

Answer 17

when a gene has a function and it no longer works (broken)
recessive

Question 18

explain gain of function
is this recessive or dominant

Answer 18

when a gene works too well or does something unexpected
dominant

Question 19

what does it mean by sex linked

Answer 19

• females are carriers
• males mostly affected

Question 20

if the trait isn’t seen in every generation of the affected family, passed on by 2 asymptomatic carriers, males and females are equally likely to inherit

Answer 20

Autosomal recessive

Question 21

if the affected individual has affected parent, males and females are equally likely to inherit

Answer 21

autosomal dominant

Question 22

if the trait is not passed on by males to their sons, most affected is male

Answer 22

X-linked recessive

Question 23

If a rare disease is autosomal dominant, what is the probability of a grandchild inheriting disease from an affected grandparent?

Answer 23

0.25

Question 24

are adult and embryonic stem cells both pluripotent

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

what are the two main function of the genome project

Answer 25

1. identify all human genes and there roles
2. analysis genetic variation between species