M3 Flashcards
what are those in common called
conserved
what is it called when you compare sequences of genome
alligning
what underpins everything about genomes
comparing genomes - aligning
when comparing genome within species what are 3 differences that they could be associated
- diseases
- evolutionary history
- characteristics
what can we learn if comparing genome between species
- What sort of genes they have
- How differences between species arise
- Relationships
T/f DNA bases can be modified when degrade - can sometimes change the sequence
true
what 5 things did hey find when looking in a cave for genome
- 4 billion neanderthal nucleotides
- Develop tools to see if modern
- Sequence of 3 individuals ( however 2 of them maybe closely relative
- Enough sequence to compare with modern human genome
Identified bits of DNA that differ between Neanderthals and us
Modern humans from Europe and Asia carry neanderthal alleles what content doesn’t
africa
what type of DNA adds to the varient in our genome that might be related to our phenotype
Neanderthals
what are mutation called that are inherited
germline
what type of effect does majority of mutations have
no effect
what can the outcome of mutations depend on
- environment
- genetic background
t/f In a single gene mutations can have different effects
true
t/f Molecule basis in mutation often consistent
false - not constant
t/f humans have 2 copies of each gene
true
because they are diploid
between dominant and recessive mutation what one occurs when heterozygous
dominant
explain loss of function
is this recessive or dominant
when a gene has a function and it no longer works (broken)
recessive
explain gain of function
is this recessive or dominant
when a gene works too well or does something unexpected
dominant
what does it mean by sex linked
- females are carriers
- males mostly affected
if the trait isn’t seen in every generation of the affected family, passed on by 2 asymptomatic carriers, males and females are equally likely to inherit
Autosomal recessive
if the affected individual has affected parent, males and females are equally likely to inherit
autosomal dominant
if the trait is not passed on by males to their sons, most affected is male
X-linked recessive
If a rare disease is autosomal dominant, what is the probability of a grandchild inheriting disease from an affected grandparent?
0.25
are adult and embryonic stem cells both pluripotent
yes
