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AUBF > M2: U1 Specimen type collection, preservation > Flashcards

M2: U1 Specimen type collection, preservation Flashcards

1
Q

Correction factor for protein in urinometer and refractometer

A

0.003 for every 1 g/dL

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2
Q

Correction factor for glucose in urinometer and refractometer

A

0.004 per 1 g/dl

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3
Q

Temperature correcting factored form urinometer

A

0.001 for every 3 degrees celsius below or above 20 degree celsius

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4
Q

displaces a volume of liquid equal to its weight

A

urinometer

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5
Q

Comparison of velocity of light in air velocity of light in a solution

A

Refractometer

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6
Q

Calibration for distilled water in refractometer

A

1.000

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7
Q

Calibration for 3% sodium chloride in refractometer

A

1.0 15

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8
Q

Calibration for 5% nacl in refractometer

A

1.022

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9
Q

Calibration of nine percent sucrose in refractometer

A

1.0 24

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10
Q

Principle of reagent strip

A

Pka change of a polyelectrolyte

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11
Q

Indirect measurements of specific gravity

A

Reagent strip and refractometer

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12
Q

Direct measurement of specific gravity

A

urinometer
harmonic oscillation densitometry

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13
Q

Fluid biopsy of the kidney

A

You didn’t

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14
Q

Temperature of urine

A

32.5 to 37.5 degrees celsius

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15
Q

Major solute of urine

A

Urea

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16
Q

Most concentrated and ideal specimen of choice because of stability of formed elements in acidic urine

A

First morning urine

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17
Q

Contains no metabolites from food ingested before fasting . And is recommended for glucose monitoring

A

Second morning fasting specimen

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18
Q

Collected at any time and is satisfactory for routine screening

A

Random urine

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19
Q

Best for cytology studies

A

Random clean catch

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20
Q

Analytes that are lowest in the early morning and highest in the afternoon

A

Catecholamines electrolytes proteins and 17 hydroxysteroid

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21
Q

Best collection time for urinary urobilinogen

A

2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. because of stability in alkaline urine

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22
Q

Collection technique with no patient preparation or assistance needed

A

Routine void

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23
Q

Safer last chromatic method which is less contaminated by veginal discharge epithelial cells and bacteria

A

Midstream clean catch

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24
Q

Used to acquire sterile urine directly from bladder for culture

A

Suprapubic collection

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25
Q

3 glass collection is also called

A

Prostatitis specimen

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26
Q

Purpose of third specimen in prostatitis specimen

A

Indicator of prostatic infection if 10 times more wbc than for specimen

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27
Q

Purpose of second specimen in prostatitis specimen

A

Control for bladder and kidney infection

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28
Q

Change in color of unpreserved urine

A

Darkens

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29
Q

Change in clarity ofunpreserved urine

A

Decrease

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30
Q

Change in odor of unpreserved urine

A

Ammoniacal foul

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31
Q

change in pH of unpreserved urine

A

increase

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32
Q

change in glucose in unpreserved urine

A

decrease

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33
Q

change in ketone of unpreserved urine

A

decrease

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34
Q

change in bilirubin in unpreserved urine

A

decrease

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35
Q

change in urobilinogen in unpreserved urine

A

decrease

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36
Q

change in niteite in unpreserved urine

A

increase

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37
Q

Inexpensive preservative with no chemical interference

A

Refrigeration

38
Q

Preservative that causes precipitation of amorphous urates and phosphates and raises specific gravity

A

Refrigeration

39
Q

Preserves chemicals and formed elements at room temperature but alters ph specific gravity hormones drugs and sodium and potassium

A

Commercial preservatives

40
Q

Preserves proteins and formed elements well and does not interfere exact in ph

A

Boric acid

41
Q

Interferes with drug and hormone analysis is bacteriostatic

A

Boric acid

42
Q

Preserve sediment elements and glucose and inhibit bacterial and yeast growth

A

thymol

43
Q

Used for culture transport

A

Boric acid

44
Q

Use for sediment preparation

A

thymol

45
Q

Excellent preservative for urine and cast

A

Formalin

46
Q

False negative for many analytes but best for cytology

A

Formalin

47
Q

Does not interfere with any routine tests but floats on specimens and clings to pipettes

A

toluene

48
Q

Prevent glycolysis and is used for drug analytes

A

Sodium fluoride

49
Q

Excellent cellular preservative but potential chemical hazard

A

Saccomanos fixative

50
Q

Stabilizes phospholipids steroid hormones but should not be used for routine urinalysis

A

Acids

51
Q

Stabilizes porphobilinogen and porphyrins but not for urinalysis

A

Sodium carbonate

52
Q

Does not interfere with any routine tests but causes change in odor

A

Phenol

53
Q

Normal daily urine output

A

600 to 2000 ml

54
Q

Average daily urine output

A

1200 to 1500 ml

55
Q

Night volume

A

Less than 400 ml

56
Q

Polyuria

A

Greater than 2.5 liters per day

57
Q

Oliguria

A

Less than 400 ml per day

58
Q

Anuria

A

Complete cessation of urine flow or less than 100 ml per day for 2 to 3 consecutive days despite fluid intake

59
Q

Nocturia

A

Greater than 500 ml per night

60
Q

Causes the yellow color of urine and darkens when exposed to light

A

urochrome

61
Q

Imports of pink or brick dust pigment to refrigerated urine

A

uroerythrin

62
Q

Orange brown color to unfresh urine

A

urobilin

63
Q

Colorless to light yellow

A

Recent water intake
polyuria
severe tubular disease

64
Q

Dark yellow to amber

A

First morning specimen
dehydration
bilirubin urobilin
continuous exercise
fever

65
Q

Yellow orange

A

Phenazopyridine
phenindion
carotene rich foods
warfarin rifampin

66
Q

Yellow brown

A

Nitrofurantoin

67
Q

Bright yellow

A

Multivitamins riboflavin

68
Q

Yellow green

A

Biliverdin

69
Q

Blue green

A

Severe pseudomonas uti
indican in intestinal infection
methylene blue
cloret
amitriptyline (antidepressant)
methocarbamol (muscle spasm)

70
Q

Purple

A

Klebsiella and Providencia in urine stored for a long time

71
Q

Red purple or port wine

A

Porphyrin or porphobilinogen

72
Q

Pink

A

Minimal presence of blood and porphobilinogen

73
Q

Red

A

Hematuria and hemoglobinuria

74
Q

Red brown

A

Metronidazole

75
Q

Brown black

A

Melanin
homogentisic acid
Levodopa methyldopa

76
Q

Formation of white stable phone

A

Albumin

77
Q

Formation of yellow green foam

A

Presence of bilirubin

78
Q

Cause of turbidity found in acidic urine

A

Amorphous urate radiographic contrast media

79
Q

Cause of turbidity found in alkaline urine

A

Amorphous phosphate carbonate

80
Q

Cause of turbidity soluble with heat

A

Amorphous urate uric acid

81
Q

Cause of turbidity soluble in dilute acetic acid

A

Rbc amorphous phosphate carbonate

82
Q

Cause of turbidity insoluble in dilute acetic acid

A

Wbc bacteria yeast sperm cell

83
Q

Cause of turbidity soluble in ether

A

Lipid lymph fluid c h y l e

84
Q

Specific gravity stays at 1.0 10 unable to the absorb or secrete

A

Isosthenuria

85
Q

Normal urine odor

A

Aromatic

86
Q

Foul ammoniacal

A

Bacterial decomposition uti prolonged standing

87
Q

pus, protein decay and severe uti

A

Strongly pungent or fetid

88
Q

Maple syrup urine disease

A

Maple syrup

89
Q

Mousy or barny

A

Phenylketonuria

90
Q

Rancid

A

tyrosinuria

91
Q

Sweaty feet

A

Isovaleric acidemia

92
Q

Cabbage or hop for grass

A

methionine malabsorption

AUBF (12 decks)

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