M2 - Practice Questions Flashcards
An interview is an _________?
conversation with a purpose or goal
A researcher is likely to reveal the true purpose of a just-completed research procedure during a(n) _________ interview
debriefing
Lack of interviewer cultural competence can contribute to the problem of ______ among racial and ethnic minority clients
underutilization of mental health services
An unstructured format would be least appropriate for use in a _____ interview
crisis
Which interview format would be most appropriate for use by interviewers who have no clinical training?
structured
Which interview format is associated with the highest fidelity (level of detail) but the lowest bandwidth (breadth of topics)?
unstructured
The interviewer’s primary goal at the beginning of an interview is to___________
make the client feel comfortable
“How old were you when you first noticed that you have a problem with alcohol?” is an example of a ___________ question
directive
Seeing tears in a client’s eyes, an interviewer says “That day must have been very difficult for you.” The interviewer is paying attention to the client’s________ behaviour and using a non-directive technique called ________.
nonverbal; reflection
Interviewers whose conclusions about a particular client are affected by what they expect from such a client illustrate the impact of ____________
confirmation bias
The generally higher validity of structured interviews is largely based on the fact that they pose________ questions to every client
the same
In some cases, adding data from unstructured interviews can ______ the validity of clinical judgments based on standardized psychological tests
reduce
Observers’ reports can be affected by what they expect to see in a client’s behaviour. This is an example of ___________ at work
confirmation bias
Traditional clinical psychologists see observational data as ______ of relatively stable cross-situational client traits, whereas behavioural clinicians see those data as ______ of behaviour in particular situations
signs; samples
When multiple observers learn to code behaviour consistently by comparing notes after they have all watched the same behaviour, the process is called ___________
calibration
Because thoughts cannot be observed by others, the best way to collect observational data on the frequency of a client’s depressive thoughts is through _______
self-monitoring
Using virtual reality systems to assess client reactions to specific stimuli or situations is a form of__________observation
controlled
Arranging for a clinical assistant to talk to a client at a shopping center to assess the client’s social skills combines _______ and _______ observation
naturalistic; controlled
A 10-category observational coding system is likely to produce ______ inter-rater reliability than a 25-category system
lower
Inter-rater reliability tends to ______ as teams of observers continue to use a coding system overtime
decrease
Asking observers to code as “violence” anything a person does without smiling would probably lead to data that has ____ inter-rater reliability but ____ predictive validity
high; low
If a test is designed to be administered in whatever way a clinician thinks is best, that test would not be _________
standardized
if a test contains items that don’t appear related to what the test is supposed to measure, it was probably constructed using an _________ approach
empirical
A client who fakes test responses in order to create a false impression is said to be ____________
malingering
Most psychologists see intelligence as composed of the ability to _________, to ______, and to_______.
think or reason; solve problems; learn
Today’s IQ scores are the result of dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100. True ___ False___
false
Hierarchical models of intelligence see g as the combination of mid-level ________, which are themselves made up of more ________ abilities
common factors; specific
Tests such as the MMPI are typically based on _______ construction procedures
empirical
The Myers-Briggs Type Inventory, is widely used in some nonclinical settings, and has very _____ reliability and validity
low (or limited)
The Rorschach and TAT are based on the _______ hypothesis
projective
Which of the following tests is likely to be more reliable, the TAT or the MMPI?
the MMPI
The three main categories of psychological tests, ranked from highest to lowest validity are:_____, _____, _____
intelligence, objective personality, projective personality
A test that can help a clinician choose the best treatment for a particular client is said to have_____________
clinical utility
Psychotherapy is defined as treatment procedures provided within a _____________
professional relationship
Media misrepresentations of psychotherapy can make it ______ likely that troubled people will seek the help they need
less
Psychotherapies can most logically be grouped according to their theoretical ________ to behaviour and behaviour disorder
approach
The _____________ describes the emotional bond that develops between the therapist and client
therapeutic alliance
Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of three main therapist characteristics, including_________, __________ and _______________
genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard
Psychodynamic clinical training programs typically require trainees to _______ in order to become more effective therapists
have their own therapy
For Freud, insight meant understanding the role of ______ processes in disorder. In behavioural and other forms of treatment, insight is about more general ________
unconscious; self-knowledge
Educating clients requires that the therapist be able to present information at what level?
a level the client can understand
The positive expectations that help clients succeed in psychotherapy are related to the________, a phenomenon long recognized as part of the success of medical treatment
placebo effect
A therapist is contemplating selling his house to a client. Actually doing so would create a________________ for the therapist
conflict of interest
Therapists should consult with ________ or _________ when unsure how to handle an ethically tricky situation
supervisors; colleagues
One of the most difficult ethical situations arises when therapists are working with clients whose_____ differ significantly from their own
values
Longer treatment durations tend to be associated with __________ approaches to treatment
psychoanalytic (or psychodynamic)
A treatment planning app roach based mainly on the therapist’s theoretical orientation is called________
top-down (or therapist based)
The therapists most likely to engage in a lot of self-disclosure tend to take a __________ approach to treatment
humanistic
_______________ refers to the idea that various brain functions are controlled by particular parts of the brain
localization of function
______________ is the idea that one area of the brain’s cerebral cortex is able to take over the function of any other area of the cortex
equipotentiality
A “split-brain” patient is one whose ___________ has been severed
corpus callosum
Because the brain is organized in ______, a single brain area can participate in more than one kind of psychological function or mental ability
modules
The left cerebral hemisphere is lateralized for ____________
language
As a result of a stroke, one side of a patient’s body is completely paralyzed but the patient is completely unaware of this. On which side of the brain did the stroke probably occur?
right
A person with __________ can no longer recognize faces
prosopagnosia
After frontal lobe brain damage, loss of __________ may cause difficulty with planning, impulse control, and judgment
executive function
_____ is defined as a notable decline in cognitive functioning severe enough to interfere with a person’s ability to function normally on a day-to-day basis.
dementia
The Halstead–Reitan battery has been found _____ valid for diagnostic purposes than the Luria-Nebraska battery
less
It is easier to test the validity of the _________ approach to neuropsychological testing than to test the validity of the ____________approach
battery (or standardized); individual
A neuropsychological deficit is best defined as a patient’s poor performance on a task when compared with appropriate __________
norms
________ is one of the most common psychological consequences of having a stroke, even if the stroke did not cause functional impairment
depression
Neuropsychological research suggests that dysfunctions in ____ brain regions, particularly in the _____ hemisphere are associated with the appearance of schizophrenia
prefrontal; left
Children with ________ learning disorders tend to be talkative and have high verbal intelligence
nonverbal
