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PHARMACOLOGY > M2: Adrenoreceptor Agonist Drugs > Flashcards

M2: Adrenoreceptor Agonist Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Receptors: formation of inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Phenylephrine

A

Alpha 1

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1
Q

Drugs that mimics norEpi & Epi

A

Sympathomimetic drugs

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2
Q

Receptors: Inhibition of adenyl cyclase. Decrease cAMP levels.

A

Alpha 2

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3
Q

Drugs that acts on Alpha 2 receptors

A

Clonidine/Catapress

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4
Q

Stimulation of adenyl cyclase and increase conversion of ATP to cAMP

A

Beta receptors (1,2,3)

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5
Q

Agonists of B receptors

A

Isoproterenol, Dobutamine & Albuterol

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6
Q

Dopamine Receptors: stimulation of adenyl cyclade and increase camp

A

D1

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7
Q

Dopamine Receptors: inhibit adenyl cyclase activypity. Decrease in cAMP.

A

D2

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8
Q

Example of D2 receptor drugs. For excessive lactation.

A

Bromocriptine

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9
Q

Widespread distribution of A & B receptors in the heart and blood vessels. Effect on BP: effects on HR, myocardial function, peripheral vascular resistance & venous return.

A

Cardiovascular System

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10
Q

Widely expressed in vascular beds. Arterial and venoconstruction. Inc peripheral resistance and dec venous capacitance. Heart: modest positive inotropic(contractility) response.

A

Alpha 1 receptor activation

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11
Q

Present in the vasculature. Vasoconstriction: locally, rapid IV & very high oral dose.

A

Alpha 2 receptor activation

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12
Q

Heart: increased contractility and HR. Inc cardiac output. Vasodilation: decreased peripheral resistance.

A

Beta receptor activation

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13
Q

IV admin: vasodilation of renal, splanchnic, coronary, cerebral vessels (at low doses). Heart: activation of B1 receptors. Kidneys: inc perfusion. Inc urine output. But in high doses may lead to vasoconstriction (for hypotension) maintain renal dose

A

Dopamine Receptor activation

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14
Q

Activation of B2 receptors, relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles & bronchodilation. Name the organ.

A

Lungs

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15
Q

Affect Beta receptors in the heart and spare those of the lungs

A

Cardioselective Beta Blockers

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16
Q

Alpha receptor stimulation: pupillary dilatation and inc in the. Outflow of aqueous humor leading to dec in intraoccular pressure

A

Eyes

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17
Q

Alpha receptor stimulation: contraction of bladder and urethral sphincter then urinary continence. A receptor activation in ductus deferens & seminal vesicle

A

GUT

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18
Q

In metabolism, leads to lipolysis then release of FA & glycerol in the blood. Glycogenolysis leads to inc glucose release.

A

B receptor activation

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19
Q

B adrenergic stimulation: inc uptake of potassium in the cells

A

Hypokalemia

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20
Q

B adrenergic stimulation: _________ insulin secretion

A

Increase

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21
Q

Alpha 2 receptor activation: _________ insulin secretion

A

Decrease

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22
Q

Stimulates renin secretion

A

B1

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23
Q

Inhibits renin secretion

A

A2

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24
Q

Both alpha & beta agonist. Vasoconstrictior and cardiac stimulant, increase in systolic BP. Vasodilation in blood supply of skeletal muscle. Inc blood flow during exercise.

A

Epinephrine

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25
Q

Agonist of both alpha1 & apha2 receptors. Increase peripheral resistance. Increase systolic and diastolic BP.

A

NorEpi

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26
Q

Immediate precursor in the synthesis of NorEpi. Impt neurotransmitter in the brain.

A

Dopamine

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27
Q

Deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia

A

Parkinson’s Dse

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28
Q

Targets for antipsychotic drugs

A

Dopamine receptors

29
Q

Pure alpha1 agonist. Not inactivated by COMT leads to longer duration of action than catecholamines. Used as a mydriatic and decongestant and can be used to raise the BP. Do not give OTC prep for HPN patients.

A

Phenylephrine

30
Q

Prodrug. Enzymatically hydrolyzed to desglymidodrine (selective A1 receptor agonist) for treatment of orthostatic hypotension due to impaired ANS function.

A

Midodrine

31
Q

Acts pharmacologically as phenylephrine via A1 stimulation. Causes prolonged inc in BP and vagally mediated bradycardia. Clinical application is rare & limited to hypotensive states.

A

Methoxamine

32
Q

Ability to decrease BP through actions in the CNS leading to hypertension treatment

A

Clonidine, methyldopa, guanfacine & guanabenz

33
Q

For sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients.

A

Dexmedetomidine

34
Q

Drug of choice for pre eclampsia. Only one safe to use.

A

Methyldopa

35
Q

May lead to rebound hypertension

A

Clonidine

36
Q

Definitive management of pre eclampsia

A

Termination of pregnancy

37
Q

Ability to promote constriction of the nasal mucosa. Topical decongestants.

A

Xylometazoline & Oxymetalozine

38
Q

May cause hypotension when taken in large doses

A

Oxymetazoline

39
Q

Potent beta receptor agonist. Positive chronotropic and inotropic actions. Exclusive B receptor agonist that leads to potent vasodilation to inc CO.

A

Isoproterenol

40
Q

Beta1 selective agonist. Chemical structure resembles dopamine, for hypotension. Specific to Positive inotropic action. Won’t vasoconstrict the vessels. Usually administered with dopamine.

A

Dobutamine

41
Q

First orally active sympathomimetic drug. Ma huang plant. High bioavailability and long duration of action. Mild stimulant; used earlier in asthma. Vasodilation.

A

Ephedrine

42
Q

Components of decongestants. Used in manufacture of methamphetamine.

A

Pseudoephedrine

43
Q

Component in over the counter appetite suppressants; decongestants. Use was associated with hemorrhagic strokes in young women. Can inc BP.

A

Phenylpropanolamine

44
Q

Used and misused as a CNS stimulant. Same with ephedrine. Marked stimulant effect on mood and alertness and depressant on appetite. Action is mediated through the release of NorEpi.

A

Amphetamine

45
Q

Variant of amphetamine. Same pharmacologic effect with amphetamine. Used in ADHD in children. Given 6hrs before bedtime.

A

Methylphenydate

46
Q

Increases concentrations of epi, dopa, sero and glutamate while dec GABA. To improve wakefulness in narcolepsy. May cause inc BP & HR.

A

Modafinil

47
Q

Normal byproduct of tyrosine metabolism. Found in fermented foods; cheese, sausage & all. May caused marked increase in blood pressure when taken with MAO(depression) inhibitors.

A

Tyramine

48
Q

Selective inhibitor of NE reuptake transporter. For ADHD. May cause orthostatic tachy

A

Atomoxetine

49
Q

Serotonin & NE reuptake inhibitor. Only FDA approved appetite suppressant for long term treatment of obesity.

A

Sibutramine

50
Q

Local anesthetic. Inhibition of dopamine reuptake in the pleasure centers of the brain. Smoked, snorted into the nose & injected. Produces amphetamine like psychological effect but shorter in terms if duration. More intense.

A

Cocaine

51
Q

Converted to dopamine in the body. Treatment of PD.

A

Levodopa

52
Q

D1 receptor agonist. Peripheral vasodilation in some vascular bed. Given IV. For severe HPN.

A

Fenoldapam

53
Q

Use of sympathomimetics when there is no immediate threat to patient. NoEpi, Phenylephrine & Metoxamin

A

Acute hypotension

54
Q

Associated with hypotension, altered mental status, oliguria and metabolic acidosis.

A

Shock

55
Q

Mainstays of treatment for shock

A

Volume replacement & tx of underlying cause

56
Q

Positive inotropic agents (dopa & dobu) for shorter relieve of symptoms

A

Cardiogenic shock

57
Q

Use of vasoconstrictor may improve corononary perfusion but will inc

A

O2 demand

58
Q

Reflex sympathetic activation with inc HR & peripheral vasoconstriction

A

Chronic Orthostatic Hypotension

59
Q

Chronic Orthostatic Hypotension tx

A

Inc peripheral resistance

60
Q

Temporary emergency management give isoproterenol & Epi

A

Complete heart block & cardiac arrest

61
Q

Redistribution of blood flow to the coronaries and to the brain during CPR

A

Epi

62
Q

Are safer and effective for heart blocks

A

Pacemaker

63
Q

For inducing local vasoconstriction during surgery. Achieving hemostasis, reduce local anesthetic and mucus membrane congestion.

A

Cocaine & Epi

64
Q

Non selective: epi. Beta selective agent: isoprotenol. Beta 2 selective agents: albuterol, metaproterenol & terbutaline (mainstay tx)

A

Bronchial asthma

65
Q

Anaphylaxis: bronchospasm, congestion of mucus membranes, angioedema & severe hypotension.

A

Epi. 0.3-0.5mg initial tx then glucocorticoid & histamine

66
Q

For mydriasis

A

Phenylephrine

67
Q

For patient’s with glaucoma

A

Apraclonidine

68
Q

GUT: tocolytic agents. Slow down uterine muscle contraction. For preterm labor

A

Ritodrine & Terbutaline

69
Q

GU: for stress incontinence

A

Ephedrine/Pseudo

70
Q

CNS: for narcolepsy

A

Amphetamine & Modafinil

71
Q

For HPN, diarrhea in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. For alcohol & narcotic withdrawal. For menopausal women with hot flushes.

A

Clonidine

PHARMACOLOGY (8 decks)

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