M2 Flashcards
a process in which one or more nuclides are produced from the collisions between two atomic nuclei or one
atomic nucleus and a subatomic particle
Nuclear reaction
A nuclide before disintegration is called a
parent nuclide
a nuclide after disintegration is called a
daughter nuclide
are processes in which a nucleus either combines with another nucleus
(through nuclear fusion) or splits into smaller nuclei (through nuclear fission).
nuclear reactions
processes in which a nucleus combines with another nucleus
nuclear fusion
nucleus splits into smaller nuclei
nuclear fission
a process by which the nuclei of a nuclide
emit alpha, beta, or gamma rays.
radioactive decay
property exhibited by
certain types of matter emitting energy and subatomic particles spontaneously
radioactivity
a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or ‘decays’ into a different atomic nucleus, with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is
reduced by two.
alpha decay
alpha (α) particle also known as
helium nucleus
alpha decay, an unstable
nucleus releases
2 neutrons
2 protons
a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron) is emitted from an atomic nucleus, transforming the original
nuclide to an isobar (each of two or more isotopes of different elements, with the same atomic mass).
Beta decay
a fast energetic
electron or positron
beta particle
each of two or more
isotopes of different elements, with the same
atomic mass
isobar
In _________ of an unstable nucleus, a neutron suddenly changes to a proton, releasing an electron, a ghostly, low mass particle called a neutrino (not pictured), and energy!
beta decay
The released electron come from the
inside of nucleus
The released electron did
not come from outside the
nucleus. It came from inside the nucleus. It is called
beta (β) particle
a type of radioactivity in which some unstable atomic nuclei dissipate excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. This often happens after alpha or beta decay has
occurred. Since only energy is emitted during
gamma decay, the number
of protons remains the same.
gamma radiation
what is the only one emitted during gamma decay
energy
electromagnetic spectrum
Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible Light
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays
In gamma decay, an unstable nucleus releases a high energy form
of electromagnetic radiation (light)
called a
gamma particle (γ) or gamma ray
also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, is the process of producing light elements during the Big Bang expansion.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis aka
primordial nucleosynthesis
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis yields
- 2 stable isotopes of hydrogen
- 2 isotopes of helium
- lithium atoms
- beryllium isotopes
An American cosmologist who was able to prove
the process of BBN through his calculations on the proportions of protons and neutrons present in
the early universe.
Ralph alpher
he was able to predict that elements such as hydrogen and helium can be formed
ralph alpher
an isotope of hydrogen, as first formed from the fusion of a proton and a neutron, accompanied by the emission of high-energy photon
deuterium
deuterium releases
gamma
aka hydrogen-3, was produced from the fusion of deuterium nuclei and a release of a proton
tritium
tritium aka
hydrogen-3
tritium releases/emits
proton
an isotope of helium with one neutron and two protons, was formed from the fusion of two deuterium and a release of neutron
helium-3
tritium produced from
fusion of 2 deuterium nuclei and a release of a proton
helium-3 produced from
fusion of two deuterium nuclei and a release of neutron
helium-3 emits/releases
neutron
can be synthesized from deuterium and helium-3
helium-4
can be formed when deuterium fuses with tritium atom and releases neutron
helium-4
helium-4 can be formed by
deuterium and helium-3 releases proton
fussion of deuterium and tritium atom and release of neutron
when deuterium and helium-3 fused it emits/releases
proton
when a deuterium fuses with tritium it releases
neutron
an unstable nucleus with three protons and four neutrons, was produced from the nuclear fusion of helium-4 and tritium
lithium-7
lithium -7 was produced from
nuclear fusion of helium-4 and tritium
decayed naturally to form two stable helium nuclei
lithium-7
was produced from helium-3 and helium-4
beryllium-7
beryllium-7 releases/emits
gamma
beryllium-7 also reacts with a neutron and decays to the unstable lithium-7, with the subsequent release of a
proton
