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M15 > M15.9 > Flashcards

M15.9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main tasks of oil on modern jet engines?

A
  • lubricating
  • cooling
  • cleaning
  • corrosion protection
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2
Q

Where is mineral oil normally used?

A

Only on piston type engines

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3
Q

Where are synthetic oils used?

A

On jet engines

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4
Q

What are the different types of synthetic oils?

A
  • type 1 (used on old engines)
  • type 2 (used on modern engines)
  • type 3 (used on special aircraft)
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5
Q

What are the advantages of synthetic oils?

A
  • Better viscosity
  • better thermal stability
  • high pressure resistance
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6
Q

Can you mix synthetic oils?

A

No

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7
Q

What is the viscosity index?

A

The effect temperature has on the viscosity of the oil

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8
Q

What does a high viscosity index number indicate?

A

Viscosity least affected by change in temperature

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9
Q

What are modern oils measured in and what temperature?

A

m2/s at 100C

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10
Q

What is pour point?

A

The lowest temperature that oil will move in a 31.75mm test tube horizontally for 5 secs

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11
Q

What is fire point?

A

The lowest temperature that oil will ignite and burn for 5 secs

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12
Q

What is meant by volatility?

A

The measure of the ease in which liquid converts into a vapour

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13
Q

What is acidity?

A

A measure of the corrosive tendencies of the oil

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14
Q

What is oil foaming?

A

The measure of the resistance of the oil to separate from entrapped air

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15
Q

What is rubber swelling?

A

The amount of oil that will cause rubber to swell

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16
Q

What is oxidation and thermal stability?

A

The oil resistance to formation of hard carbon and sludge at high temperature

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17
Q

What is corrosiveness?

A

The effect oil has on metals

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18
Q

What is coking?

A

The amount of carbon residue remaining in the oil after extreme heating

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19
Q

What type of fuel is most commonly used in commercial engines?

A

jet A and jet A1

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20
Q

What is jet A and jet A1 manufactured or refined from?

A

Crude oil petroleum

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21
Q

What will fuel normally be made from?

A

16% hydrogen and 84% carbon with small amounts of impurities

22
Q

What are some of the impurities of fuel?

A

Sulphur, water, nitrogen

23
Q

What are the characteristics of jet A1 fuel?

A
  • flash point of 38C
  • freezing point of -47C
  • specific gravity of 0.775-0.83
  • most commonly used in Europe
  • USA call it JP 1A
24
Q

What are the characteristics for jet A fuel?

A
  • flash point of 38C
  • freezing point of -40C
  • specific gravity of 0.775-0.83
  • most commonly used in America
  • USA call it JP1
25
Q

What are the characteristics of jet B fuel?

A
  • flash point -20C
  • freezing point -58C
  • specific gravity of 0.751-00.802
  • military equivalent is JP4, F40, Avtag
26
Q

What are the characteristics of JP5 fuel?

A
  • flash point of 65C
  • Freezing point of -48C
  • preferred by the military because of the high flash point
27
Q

Why must type of fuel used be record after refuelling?

A

Because each fuel type has different handling and operating traits

28
Q

What is the caloric value of fuel?

A

18,400 Btujlb

29
Q

What is meant by additives of fuel?

A

Maximum anti-oxidants and static dissipator

30
Q

What will happen to fuel the higher the altitude?

A

The ambient pressure decreases which cause fuel to vaporise

31
Q

What is fuel density of jet A and jet A1?

A

0.81kg/ltr at 15C

32
Q

What is fuel density of jet B?

A

0.78kg/ltr at 15C

33
Q

What is fuel density of JP5?

A

0.83kg/ltr at 15C

34
Q

Why are fuel system icing inhibitors used in fuel?

A

To prevent ice build up in the fuel

35
Q

Why are metal de-activators used in fuel?

A

They suppress the catalytic effect of some metals

36
Q

Why are biocide additives used in fuel?

A

To prevent microbiological growth

37
Q

What is fire handling safety divided into?

A
  • fire prevention
  • fire extinguishing
  • personal safety
38
Q

What must not take place whilst refuelling or defuelling takes place?

A

Filling or charging of oxygen bottles

39
Q

Why must you check the shelf life of synthetic oils?

A

They’re not storage stable

40
Q

Why cant you reuse open synthetic oil?

A

Because its hygroscopic (collects air moisture)

41
Q

What will long exposure to synthetic oils cause?

A

Dermatitis

42
Q

What should be done if synthetic oil is ingested?

A

Do not induce vomiting and drink 250 ml of water

43
Q

How long should you wash your eye for if fuel is in your eye?

A

10 mins

44
Q

How are fuel leaks caused?

A

Refuelling malfunctions or by damage to the aircraft

45
Q

When entering a fuel tank your clothes must be made from what?

A

Cotton

46
Q

When an you enter a fuel tank without a full face mask?

A

If the tank is considered health safe

47
Q

What is category 1 access to a fuel tank?

A

You have direct access but cant fit inside

48
Q

What is category 2 access to a fuel tank?

A

You have direct access and can get inside

49
Q

What is category 3 access to a fuel tank?

A

No direct external access but can get in

50
Q

What is category 4 access to a fuel tank?

A

Can only be entered via internal openings which cannot be rescued from

51
Q

How would you get someone out of category 4 tank area?

A

Mechanical cutters

M15 (15 decks)

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