M15.09 Lubricants and Fuels Flashcards by Meg Bazeley

What are the main tasks of engine oil?

. Lubricating
. Cooling
. Cleaning
. Corrosion protection

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Using lubrication reduces what?

The friction between metal surfaces that move against each other

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At first, mineral oil was widely used, now it’s?

Synthetic oil

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What are the two groups of engine oils??

. Mineral oil
. Synthetic oil

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What type of engine are mineral oils used on??

Piston type engine

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What type of engine is synthetic oil used on??

Jet engines - specifically designed to meet the needs of the engine

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What are the different types synthetic oils are there?

. Type 1
. Type 2
. Type 3

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What was type 1 oil used on?

. First generation of synthetic oil - used on old gas turbines engines

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What is type 2 oil used on?

Morden gas turbine engines - mostly used today

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What is type 3 oil used on?

On special aircraft’s that require higher thermal stability and viscosity at higher temperatures

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What does viscosity mean??

The property of fluid offering resistance to flow or shear at a certain temperature

(Modern oils used in m2/s at 100 degrees c)

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What does pour point mean??

The lowest temperature an oil will visibly move in a 31.75mm test tube held horizontally for 5 seconds

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What does flash point mean??

The lowest temperature that an oil will give off enough vapour to flash when flame is applied

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What is the viscosity index?

The effect that temperature has in the viscosity of an oil,
The higher the number, indicates least affected by a change in temperature

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A typical fuel will be comprised of what?

. 16% hydrogen
. 84% carbon
. Small amount of impurities

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What is coking?

The amount of carbon residue remaining in an oil after being subject to extreme heating

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What are the 4 main fuel types?

. Jet A
. Jet A1
. Jet B
. JP5

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What fuel is most commonly used in Europe?

Jet A1

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What is the flash and freeze point of Jet A1?

. Flash point = 38 degrees c
. Freeze point = 47 degrees c

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What fuel is most commonly used in America?

Jet A

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What is the flash and freeze point of Jet A?

. Flash point = 38 degrees c
. Freeze point = 40 degrees c

What is the flash and freeze point of Jet B?

. Flash point = -20 degrees c
. Freeze point = -58 degrees c

What aircraft is JP5 used on?

Military aircraft

What is the flash and freeze point if JP5?

. Flash point = 65 degrees c
. Freeze point = -48 degrees c

What are the main requirements for turbine engine fuels?

. Low freeze point . Flash point low enough for good ignition, but high enough for safe handling

What’s the definition of flash point??

The lowest temperature at which the fuel creates just enough vapours to build up a fuel/ mix to be inflamed

What is the density of Jet A and Jet A1?

0.81 kg/ltr at a temperature of 15 degrees c

What are aviation fuel additives?

Compounds that are added to fuel in very small quantities to change certain properties of the fuel

What are aviation fuel additives measured in?

Parts per million (ppm)

What are the 3 sub categories that fuel safety handling can be divided into?

. Fire prevention . Fire extinguishing . Personnel safety

What is the definition of fire prevention?

The elimination of all source which create or support a fire

What are you not allowed to do during aircraft maintenance or around£ the aircraft?

Smoke

When is there a designated saftey area?

. During refuelling/ defuelling . Fuel tanks open

Where is a fuel bowser positioned?

Positioned for a quick escape

Do synthetic oils have a shelf life?

Yes they must be checked prior to use

Why shouldn’t opened containers be reused?

As synethic oils are hydroscopic so unusable

Prolonged use of oils on the skin may cause what?

Dermatitis

If oil enters the eyes, what must you do?

Flush them with copious amount of clean water and seek medical advice

If ingestion of synthetic oil takes place, what must you do?

. Don’t induce vomiting . Drink 250ml (1/2pint) of water and get medical help

What are the two safety precautions for fuel?

. Bonding and earthing is essential . Jet fuel should not be used for cleaning

Where would a refuelling leak normally occur?

In the vent tank openings

How do you deal with fuel leaks/ spillages?

. Stops the leak . Add a bonding agent to the fuel spillage

What isn’t allowed anywhere near an aircraft?

. Naked flames . Smoking

When is refuelling not allowed?

. While the engines are running

To prevent sparks by electric static discharge when refuelling, what is in place?

The fuel truck is connected to the aircraft by a grounding lead, which prevents fire

What type of clothing prevents against sparks?

. Cotton tank access clothing

Can you enter a fuel tank without a full face mask?

. Yes if it is considered safe

What are the 3 types of tank categories??

. CAT 1 . CAT 2 . CAT 3

What is CAT 1 type tank accessible by??

. Direct access door . Accessible by head and shoulders only

What is CAT 2 type tank accessible by??

. Direct access door . Access for complete body

What is CAT 3 type tank accessible by??

. No direct access door . Internal openings . Wide enough for rescue

What is CAT 4 type tank accessible by??

. Not found on all aircraft . Can only be entered via internal openings which are not wide enough for rescue . You cannot get out of the tank, mechanical cutters must be used