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M15 > M15.01 Fundamentals > Flashcards

M15.01 Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Acceleration which is due to gravity is denoted by?

A

g

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2
Q

Earths gravitational speed is?

A

9.8m/s2

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3
Q

Weight is measured in?

A

Newtons

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4
Q

The unit of work is?

A

Joules (J)

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5
Q

1J = ?Nm

A

1Nm

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6
Q

What is Power?

A

The rate of doing work

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7
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Power = work/ time (w)

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8
Q

Describe what potential energy is?

A

The energy a body has by virtue of its position

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9
Q

Explain what kinetic energy is?

A

The energy a body has by virtue of its motion

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10
Q

Equation of kinetic energy?

A

KE = 1/2mV2(squared)

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11
Q

Newton’s first law is called?

A

Law of inertia

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12
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

A body a rest remains at rest and a body remains in motion unless acted upon by an external force

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13
Q

What is newtons 2nd law?

A

Acceleration produced in a mass by a force acting in is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass Force = mass x acceleration

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14
Q

Formula for force?( N)

A

Force = mass x acceleration

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15
Q

Newtons 3rd law?

A

Every action has an equal and an opposite

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16
Q

What does GTE stand for?

A

Gas turbine engine

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17
Q

The gas turbine engine is essentially?

A

A heat engine using air as a working fluid to provide thrust

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18
Q

What is the Brayton cycle?

A

The working cycle of a gas turbine engine

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19
Q

What’s the 4 processes of a engine?

A

. Induction
. Compression
. Combustion
. Exhaust

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20
Q

Piston engines have a peak pressure in excess of?

A

1000psi

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21
Q

Apart from thrust what else does an engine provide?

A

. Bleed air
. Hydraulic power
. Electrical power

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22
Q

What are the two different types of aircraft engines?

A

. Piston type engines
. Gas turbine engines

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23
Q

What are the 4 different types of turbine gas engines?

A

. Turbofan engine
. Turbojet engine
. Turboprop engine
. APU (auxiliary power unit)

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24
Q

An engine that uses jet propulsion is called?

A

A reaction engine

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25
Q

What newtons law does a reaction engine use?

A

Newton’s law of motion - every force has an equal and opposite reaction

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26
Q

Which engine is likely to be more efficient?

A

A turbofan has the highest efficiency (85%)

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27
Q

How does a turboprop create thrust?

A

By a small acceleration of a large mass of air

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28
Q

Pressure of air during combustion does what?

A

Doesn’t rise during combustion

29
Q

The combustion process is known as?

A

. Heating at a constant pressure
. isobaric heating

30
Q

What stroke is a piston engine?

A

One stroke

31
Q

How many processes does a gas turbine engine do?

A

4 processes simultaneously

32
Q

What’s the main function of an engine?

A

Create movement of the aircraft

33
Q

Advantages of piston type engines?

A

. Simple design
. More fuel efficient

34
Q

A disadvantage of a piston type engine?

A

. Performance decreases at high altitudes
. Too large

35
Q

What aircraft are piston engines used on?

A

Very small aircraft

36
Q

Gas turbine engines can operate at?

A

Very high altitudes

37
Q

What’s the equation for force?

A

Force = mass x acceleration

38
Q

What type of engine is used in modern aircraft?

A

Turbofan engine

39
Q

Why do most modern aircraft use a turbofan engine?

A

As it makes high aircraft speeds possible with good engine efficiency

40
Q

Why do turbojet engines not get used as much anymore?

A

. Very loud
. Requires too much fuel

41
Q

What do turboprob engines drive?

A

Drives a propeller to produce shaft horse power only

42
Q

What is the purpose of the APU?

A

Supply’s aircraft with electric and pneumatic power if main engines aren’t available

43
Q

What two ways can you accelerate air (air pressure)?

A

. Mechanically by a compressor
. Thermally by increasing volume of air with fuel/heat is burned

44
Q

Turboprop engines produce their thrust by?

A

A small acceleration of a large quantity of air with a propellor

45
Q

What’s the main disadvantage of a turboprop engine?

A

Doesn’t permit high aircraft speeds

46
Q

How many spools does a turbofan engine normally have?

A

Twin or triple spool

47
Q

What’s required to reduce the high gas turbine engine rotation on a turboprop engine?

A

Reduction gear

48
Q

Why are turboprop engines very efficient?

A

As they convert all of their gas energy to torque

49
Q

A turbofan engine is similar to a turboprop engine, but instead of the propellor it has?

A

A fan enclosed in a casing

50
Q

Where does the total thrust of the turbofan come from?

A

The sum of core engine and fan thrust

51
Q

What does EGT mean?

A

Exhaust gas temperature

52
Q

On a turbofan what % of total thrust comes from the fan?

A

80%
(Depending on the bypass ratio)

53
Q

What is the bypass ratio?

A

The ratio of air that passes through the fan duct compared to the core engine

54
Q

What modern turbofan engines what is the bypass ratio?

A

Between 4:1 and 9:1

55
Q

What is the latest engine research about?

A

. Open rotor engines
. Propfans

56
Q

What are the two different methods of engine construction design?

A

. Non modular
. Modular engine

57
Q

Where is a non modular deign normally found?

A

. older engine construction
. Some APUs

58
Q

What were the advatanges of a non modular engines?

A

. Saved weight
. Fully functional

59
Q

What were the disadvantages of a non modular engine?

A

. Design was complicated
. Parts difficult to access
. Engine removed to access a single part

60
Q

What are the main advantages of a modular construction?

A

. Whole engine split up into separate major modules
. Pre assembled and balanced
. Specially designed for removal and replace easily

61
Q

What are the advantages for the manufacture for modular engines??

A

. Rotating parts can be pre balanced
. Less spare engines needed in stock
. More flexibility when changes made to engine parts
. Easily stored and transported

62
Q

What is the main design aim fit the materials used within an engine?

A

. Cheap
. Strong
. Lightweight

63
Q

Aluminium alloy is mainly used for?

A

. Gearbox housing
. Fan stator casings
. Low loaded parts

64
Q

Where are ceramic coatings used??

A

In the combustion and high pressure turbine

65
Q

Titanium alloys are as strong as steel but?

A

. weight half its amount
. Can take high centrifugal loads
. But expensive

66
Q

Where are titanium materials used?

A

. Fan
. Low pressure compressor
. Front stages of HP compressor

67
Q

Where are nickel base alloys used?

A

. HP compressor
. Combustion section
. High and low pressure turbine

68
Q

What’s the main advantage of a cobalt material?

A

Highly heat resistant

M15 (10 decks)

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