M1, S3, Histology Flashcards
The main function of connective tissue is to…?
hold tissues together
What is the term for the visualization method that depends on the specific antigen-antibody interactions for visualizing cellular contents?
Immunohistochemistry
Epithelium is ________, with no blood vessels entering between the cells
avascular
Unlike connective tissue, epithelial tissue is highly ______, with little extracellular material.
cellular
Which type of epithelial tissue makes up part of the sweat glands, mammary glands and salivary glands?
stratified cuboidal
________ glands secrete non-hormone products to a tissue surface.
Ex: sweat glands, goblet cells, digestive glands, and sebaceous/oil glands.
Exocrine
Endocrine glands lack _____.
ducts
_______ glands produce hormones.
Endocrine
Name a uniccellular exocrine gland…
Goblet cell
Name a multicellular exocrine gland…
Sweat glands, salivary glands, sebaceous glands
_______ glands are the most common type of exocrine gland.
Merocrine
Merocrine glands are the most common type of exocrine gland. Secretory vesicles containing the cell product collect at the apical surface of the secretory cell, to be released via _________ into the lumen of the gland.
exocytosis
________ glands are less common. Their product accumulates at the apical surface of the secreting cell until that portion of the cell is cleaved from the rest of the cell as part of the secretion
Apocrine
________ glands secrete their products by shedding whole cells. Their product accumulates in the cytosol of the secreting cell until it matures, ruptures, and dies, becoming part of the secretion itself.
Holocrine
What are examples of holocrine glands?
Sebaceous/oil glands
The mammary glands are an example of which type of mulitcellular exocrine gland?
compound acinar
What is an example of a simple coiled tubular exocrine gland?
Sweat gland
Connective tissue is composed of which of the following substances?
- cytosol
- red blood cells
- support cells
- extracellular matrix
- nerve tissue
- support cells
- extracellular matrix
T/F: Thermogenesis is not a function of connective tissue.
True
Which of the following support cells are mononucleate cells that secrete the extracellular matrix components of bone?
- chrondroblasts
- osteoblasts
- adipocytes
- myofibroblasts
- fibroblasts
-osteoblasts
________ secrete fibers, including collagen, and some of the ground substance component of the extracellular matrix.
Fibroblasts
Reticular fibers are found in which of the following locations?
- spleen
- smooth muscle tissue
- adipose tissue
- skin
- blood vessels
- spleen
- smooth muscle tissue
- adipose tissue
- blood vessels
Which of the following types of fibers are found in the extracellular matrix and are produced by fibroblasts and made up of the protein collagen?
- smooth muscle fibers
- elastic fibers
- collagen fibers
- reticular fibers
-reticular fibers
______ connective tissue is widely distributed throughout the body. It contains collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers, randomly arranged between cells. A range of cell types are present including fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, macrophages, and plasma cells
Areolar
Tendons and ligaments are made up of dense ______ connective tissue.
regular
The dermis of the skin, fibrous pericardium around the heart, heart valves, perichondrium surrounding cartilage, and periosteum surrounding bone, are all made up of dense ________ connective tissue.
irregular
T/F: Dense irregular connective tissue occurs in SHEETS, made up of an irregular arrangement of tightly packed collagen fibers.
TRUE
Cartilage extracellular matrix is deposited by __________.
chondroblasts
What is the strongest cartilage in the body?
Fibrocartilage
Which cartilage is weakest, but most abundant?
Hyaline cartilage
________ growth occurs from within the body of cartilage during childhood and adolescence, while cartilage is young and pliable
Interstitial
_________ growth occurs at the outer surface of cartilage, starting later in life than interstitial growth and continuing through adolescence
Appositional
Which of the following cells deposits cartilage extracellular matrix?
- osteocyte
- osteoclast
- osteoblast
- chrondroblast
-chrondroblast
Which of the following descriptions of fibroblasts are correct?
- propagate action potentials
- secrete some components of the ground substance
- store lipids
- secrete histamine in response to various stimuli
- present in most connective tissue
- secrete fibers including collagen
- secrete some components of the ground substance
- present in most connective tissue
- secrete fibers including collagen
Which two muscle tissues are striated?
Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
Long, thin –>
Branched –>
Spindle-shaped –>
Skeletal muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
Which muscle tissue is non-striated?
Smooth muscle tissue
_______ muscle fibers are filled with contractile proteins arranged such that they form striations of alternating light and dark bands.
skeletal
What is the name given to an individual cardiac muscle fiber?
Cardiomyocyte
Which of the following types of muscle feature cells linked by gap junctions?
- cardiac muscle
- skeletal muscle
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
- smooth muscle
What is the name of the non-neuronal cells of the nervous system that provide support, nourishment, and protection to neurons?
Neuroglia
_______ membranes are found lining body cavities, or tracts, that open into the external environment, such as the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts.
Mucous
______ membranes are found covering organs (visceral serous membrane) and lining body cavities (parietal serous membrane) that do not open into the external environment.
Serous
The ________ membrane refers to the skin covering the surface of the body.
cutaneous
________ membranes consist exclusively of connective tissue and are found lining the cavities of mobile joints
Synovial
Mucous membranes are found lining which of the following locations?
- respiratory tract
- skin
- kidney
- lungs
- knee joint
-respiratory tract
Which of the following structures are lined by a mucous membrane?
- brain
- heart
- vagina
- stomach
- trachea
- vagina
- stomach
- trachea
Damage of nervous tissue is called ______.
gliosis
______ tissue has a relatively poor capacity for the repair of dead or damaged cells.
Muscle
**What is the term for the type of tissue that when damaged undergoes tissue repair, forming non-functional scar tissue?
Stromal tissue
What is the term for the process by which fibroblasts divide and differentiate to produce scar tissue?
fibrosis
