M1, S2, Cell Biology Flashcards
T/F: Glycolipids only appear in the inner layer of the plasma membrane.
False. They only appear on the OUTER layer. They’re PERIPHERAL lipids.
How many polar regions does the plasma membrane have?
2
T/F: Integral proteins only have a hydrophobic region, which determines their orientation within the plasma membrane.
False. Integral proteins have both HYDROPHILIC and HYDROPHOBIC REGIONS.
What is the function of the glycocalyx portion of a peripheral protein?
Cell adhesion and cell recognition
Which of the following do NOT pass through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?
- oxygen
- sodium
- steroids
- potassium
- glucose
sodium, potassium, glucose
_______ pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid due to the force of gravity acting upon it.
Hydrostatic
_______ pressure is when the pressure is high enough to stop the net movement of water through the membrane by osmosis.
Osmotic
If there is a SMALL difference in solute concentration between the two solution, there is a ____ osmotic pressure.
If there is a LARGE difference between the two solutions, there is a much _____ osmotic pressure.
low
higher
Rupturing is known as _____.
lysis
The rupturing of erythrocytes is known as ________.
hemolysis
Shrinking is known as _______.
crenation
What is the most abundant primary active transport carrier protein?
Na+/K+ Pump
The sodium potassium pump works constantly to maintain ___ intracellular concentration of sodium ions and a ____ concentration of potassium ions in the cytosol.
low, high
Secondary active transport uses two different types of carrier proteins:
_______, that move two solutes in the same direction.
_______, that move two solutes in the opposite direction.
Symporters
Antiporters
_________. is carried out by most cells of the body. It is the process by which small amounts of extracellular fluid along with any dissolved solutes are taken up into the cell.
Pinocytosis
Which of the following molecules are stored within the cytosol of the cell?
- fatty acids
- glucose
- urea
- red blood cells
- calcium ions
fatty acid, glucose, calcium ions
All of the cells in the body have a nucleus except for ___ ______ cells.
red blood cells
T/F: Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that bud off from the Golgi complex.
True
T/F: The LUMEN of the Golgi complex is the site of PHOSPHORYLATION of proteins during post-translational modification.
True
Which three of the following are tubular projections from the main body of a cell?
- cilia
- villi
- centrioles
- microvilli
- flagella
- mitochondria
cilia, microvilli, flagella
Sections of DNA responsible for producing proteins are known as _____.
genes
During _________, specific enzymes within the nucleus ‘read’ the sequence of bases in the DNA template to produce an intermediate molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA), which has a complementary structure to the template.
During ________, this mRNA molecule binds to a ribosome, and is read by other enzymes to produce a protein.
transcription
translation
transcription, which occurs in the ______ and translation, which is carried out in ________ both free in the cytosoland bound to the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
nucleus, ribosomes
What is the name of the special nucleotide sequence near the beginning of a gene where the enzyme RNA polymerase binds?
Promotor
What are the steps of translation?
- mRNA binding
- binding of initiator tRNA
- joining of large and small ribosomal subunits
- pairing of complementary bases
- formation of amino acid chain
Newly synthesized proteins undergo a post-transitional modification in which of the following organelles of a cell?-Golgi complex
- mitochondria
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- nucleus
- plasma membrane
- Golgi complex
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
The leading strand goes __’ to __ ‘
5’ to 3’
The lagging strand goes __’ to __’
3’ to 5’
What is the term of the process where DNA is used as a template to generate a complementary strand of RNA?
Transcription
Which phase in mitosis does this statement refer to?
“The chromatids are held together by a central body known as a centromere, which s surrounded by a protein complex known as a kinetochore.”
-late prophase
-telophase
-early prophase
-metaphase
-early anaphase
-early prophase
What is the name given to sex cells that are produced through reproductive cell division?
gametes
