M1, S1, Body Plan and Organization Flashcards
_______: chemical reactions that break down complex substances into simpler substances.
Catabolism
______: chemical reactions that build up simple substances into complex substances.
Anabolism
_________: the process by which an unspecialized cell becomes specialized.
Differentiation
______, _____, ______ and ______ make up 96% of the body’s mass.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
The nervous system is divided into the _______ nervous system and the _______ nervous system.
Central, peripheral.
The CNS consists of the _____ and _____ _____.
The PNS consists of …?
Brain and spinal cord
everything else
T/F: The urinary systems helps regulate red blood cells.
True
A ______ feedback system reverses or negates any potential harmful change in a controlled condition bringing it back to within the normal limits of its set point range, towards an ideal normal value.
negative
A _______ feedback system reinforces or promotes any change from a previous state, advancing the controlled condition to its optimal required state.
positive
~ Set point, set point range, normal limit ~
- Range of values of a controlled condition –>
- Upper and lower values of the set point range –>
- Normal value of a controlled position –>
Set point
Set point range
normal limit
Feedback systems or loops involve both _______ and _______ regulation.
nervous, hormonal
What is the correct order of a feedback loop, starting with the stimulus…
Stimulus –> Receptor –> Control Center –> Effector
Which of the following act as the control centers for lactation?
- cardiac center
- hypothalamus
- posterior pituitary
- vasomotor center
- anterior pituitary
- hypothalamus
- posterior pituitary
The hormone oxytocin is released from the _______ pituitary gland.
posterior
What sort of feedback mechanism occurs in the following description?
In response to a drop in blood glucose levels, a hormone is released which acts to increase blood glucose back to normal levels.
Negative feedback
The axial region refers to the ____, ______ _____ and _____.
The appendicular region refers to the upper _____ and the lower _____.
head, vertebral column, trunk
upper limb, lower limb
Which of the following regions are located in the axial region of the body?
- head
- thigh
- chest
- perineum
- lower back
- wrist
head, chest, perineum, lower back
Which of the following are located within the ventral cavity?
- abdominal cavity
- vertebral cavity
- cranial cavity
- thoracic cavity
- pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, pelvic cavity
T/F: The pleural cavity is a thin cavity surrounding the heart.
False. The pleural cavity is a thin cavity surrounding EACH OF THE LUNGS.
The thoracic cavity is a large cavity bound laterally by the ribs and inferiorly/superiorly by the diaphragm.
Inferiorly
The ________ is an area found between the pleural cavities.
mediastinum
The ________ cavity is a thin cavity surrounding the heart.
pericardial
Right upper quadrant: cecum, descending colon, pancreas, liver?
Left upper quadrant: cecum, descending colon, pancreas, liver?
Right lower quadrant: cecum, descending colon, pancreas, liver?
Left lower quadrant: cecum, descending colon, pancreas, liver?
Right upper quadrant: liver
Left upper quadrant: pancreas
Right lower quadrant: cecum
Left lower quadrant: descending colon
In which quadrant is the appendix usually located?
Right lower quadrant
In which quadrant(s) is the small intestine located?
All four quadrants
Which one of the following structures is NOT found in the mediastinum?
- trachea
- heart
- thymus
- esophagus
- lungs
LUNGS
Which of the following organs are found in the lower right quadrant?
- transverse colon
- cecum
- appendix
- ascending colon
- small intestine
cecum, appendix, ascending colon, small intestine
The anatomical term used for the SOLE of the foot is the ______ surface of the foot.
plantar
Which quadrant(s) is the transverse colon located?
Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant
