M1, S1, Body Plan and Organization Flashcards
_______: chemical reactions that break down complex substances into simpler substances.
Catabolism
______: chemical reactions that build up simple substances into complex substances.
Anabolism
_________: the process by which an unspecialized cell becomes specialized.
Differentiation
______, _____, ______ and ______ make up 96% of the body’s mass.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
The nervous system is divided into the _______ nervous system and the _______ nervous system.
Central, peripheral.
The CNS consists of the _____ and _____ _____.
The PNS consists of …?
Brain and spinal cord
everything else
T/F: The urinary systems helps regulate red blood cells.
True
A ______ feedback system reverses or negates any potential harmful change in a controlled condition bringing it back to within the normal limits of its set point range, towards an ideal normal value.
negative
A _______ feedback system reinforces or promotes any change from a previous state, advancing the controlled condition to its optimal required state.
positive
~ Set point, set point range, normal limit ~
- Range of values of a controlled condition –>
- Upper and lower values of the set point range –>
- Normal value of a controlled position –>
Set point
Set point range
normal limit
Feedback systems or loops involve both _______ and _______ regulation.
nervous, hormonal
What is the correct order of a feedback loop, starting with the stimulus…
Stimulus –> Receptor –> Control Center –> Effector
Which of the following act as the control centers for lactation?
- cardiac center
- hypothalamus
- posterior pituitary
- vasomotor center
- anterior pituitary
- hypothalamus
- posterior pituitary
The hormone oxytocin is released from the _______ pituitary gland.
posterior
What sort of feedback mechanism occurs in the following description?
In response to a drop in blood glucose levels, a hormone is released which acts to increase blood glucose back to normal levels.
Negative feedback
The axial region refers to the ____, ______ _____ and _____.
The appendicular region refers to the upper _____ and the lower _____.
head, vertebral column, trunk
upper limb, lower limb
Which of the following regions are located in the axial region of the body?
- head
- thigh
- chest
- perineum
- lower back
- wrist
head, chest, perineum, lower back
Which of the following are located within the ventral cavity?
- abdominal cavity
- vertebral cavity
- cranial cavity
- thoracic cavity
- pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, pelvic cavity
T/F: The pleural cavity is a thin cavity surrounding the heart.
False. The pleural cavity is a thin cavity surrounding EACH OF THE LUNGS.
The thoracic cavity is a large cavity bound laterally by the ribs and inferiorly/superiorly by the diaphragm.
Inferiorly
The ________ is an area found between the pleural cavities.
mediastinum
The ________ cavity is a thin cavity surrounding the heart.
pericardial
Right upper quadrant: cecum, descending colon, pancreas, liver?
Left upper quadrant: cecum, descending colon, pancreas, liver?
Right lower quadrant: cecum, descending colon, pancreas, liver?
Left lower quadrant: cecum, descending colon, pancreas, liver?
Right upper quadrant: liver
Left upper quadrant: pancreas
Right lower quadrant: cecum
Left lower quadrant: descending colon
In which quadrant is the appendix usually located?
Right lower quadrant
