M1 Flashcards
the branch of applied statistics directed toward application in health sciences and biology
Biostatistics
underpins the methodologies used in
epidemiological investigations and research
Biostatistics
The study of diseases in the population
The study of how disease spreads and can be controlled.
Epidemiology
a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases, the sum of the factors controlling the presence or absence of a disease or pathogen
Epidemiology
refers to the science dealing w/ the collection, organization, analysis and interpretation of numerical data
Statistics
refers to the application of statistical methods to the life sciences like biology, medicine and public health.
Biostatistics
set of data or a mass of observations, like public health.
a. “plural” sense of stat
b. “singular’ sense of stat
a. “plural” sense of stat
the body of methods or techniques for the organization & analysis of collected information.
a. “plural” sense of stat
b. “singular’ sense of stat
b. “singular’ sense of stat
data on vital events as to the number of birth, death & marriages
Vital statistics
bookkeeping of humanity
Vital statistics
- legal use
- source material
- health units
3 Important Uses of Vital Statistics
- school entrance
A.) birth registration
B.) death registration
A.) birth registration
- employment
A.) birth registration
B.) death registration
A.) birth registration
- securing driver’s license
A.) birth registration
B.) death registration
A.) birth registration
- marriage license
A.) birth registration
B.) death registration
A.) birth registration
- to enter military service
A.) birth registration
B.) death registration
A.) birth registration
- in claiming life insurance upon the death of the benefactor
A.) birth registration
B.) death registration
B.) death registration
- accidents
- suicides
- communicable disease control
- maternal and infant mortality
- occupational statistics
- value of periodic medical exam
6 Special Uses of Vital Statistics
– logbook where data is written.
Source Material
it contains data of birth & death registration for mortality & natality statistics.
Source Material
refer to the health workers who take part in the administration of gov’t health programs
Health Units
it guides the epidemiologists in the combat of diseases
Health Units
they see to it that potable H2O supply is given to the public to minimize typhoid fever
Health unit - Sanitarian
attain the needs of the people by giving proper care & treatment
Health unit - health worker
it keeps information pertaining to health
Health Statistics
covers a wide variety of numeric information including data on morbidity, hospitality and clinic statistics, as well as service statistics.
Health Statistic
the bookkeeping of public health bec. It keeps records on data of clinic, hospital & service facilities
Health Statistic
- nutrition
- sanitation
- industrial hygiene
- dentistry
- laboratory
- epidemiology
- maternal child hygiene
Application of Health Statistics to Public Health Data
Descriptive statistics and Inferential Statistics
2 branches of the science of statistics
– uses different methods of statistics to summarize and present data in narrative form.
Descriptive statistics
Branch of stat
– methods of tabulation
- graphical presentation
- computation of averages
- measures of variability
Descriptive statistics
– uses generalizations & conclusions about a target population w/c is based on results from a sample
Inferential Statistics
tendency of measurable characteristics to change from one individual or setting w/in the same individual or setting
Phenomena of Variation
Branch of stat
– experimental method
Inferential Statistics
– measured according to quantity or values and are expressed numerically.
Independent/dependent variable
Types of Variable
– minutes in an hour, number of days a week
constant
– values remain the same from time to time.
constant
Types of Variable
– birthweight
- hospital bed capacity
- arm circumference
- population size
Independent/dependent variable
- person’s blood pressure
Phenomena of Variation
What are the Types of Independent/dependent Variable
Discrete and continuous variables
variables w/c can assume only integral values or whole numbers.
i.e. - books
Discrete variables
variables w/c can attain values in terms of fraction or decimals.
i.e. – birthweight
- arm circumference
Continuous variables
– numbers or symbols used to classify an object, person or characteristics into categories.
i.e. – collection of yes, no, undecided responses to a medical survey question
Nominal
– data are arranged in some order but differences between data values cannot be determined.
i.e. – size of T-shirt
- socio economic status
- in 10 urine samples 6 were rated normal, 4 pathological
Ordinal
– characterized by a common and constant unit and measurement
Interval
- the distances between any two numbers on the scale are known sizes.
i.e. - temp. reading of 15ºC and 35ºC
Interval
– has a true zero point wherein the number zero indicates the absence of the characteristics under considerations.
i.e. – height in meters
- weight in kilograms
Ratio
2 Sources of Data Collection
Primary data and Secondary data
obtained first hand by the investigator from first hand sources.
i.e. – thesis & dissertations
- interview and questionnaire
- letters, diaries and autobiographies
- experimentation
- journals and newspapers
primary data
- are finished products taken from raw materials.
- data w/c are already existing.
i.e. – data obtained from registry of cases of hospitals - documented materials
- book of factual information i.e. textbooks
Secondary data
Data is initially collected from a given
source, whether they are experiments, survey or observation, and is presented by one of the four methods, which is?
Textual Method
