Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biostat Lec > M1 > Flashcards

M1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study and use of theory and methods for the analysis of data arising from random processes or phenomena.

A

Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

branch of applied statistics directed toward applications in the health sciences and biology.

A

Biostatistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Process of Applying Statistics – Design experiments and observational studies

A

Making Hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Process of Applying Statistics – Summary of data

A

Gathering Data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Process of Applying Statistics - Testing of hypotheses

A

Drawing Interferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Population Based Studies - aims to generate a hypothesis by answering the following questions,
1. What?
2. Who?
3. Where?
4. When?

A

descriptive studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example - Incidence Study

A

Descriptive study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Population Based Studies - aims to generate a hypothesis by answering the the “why?” and “how?” questions.

A

Analytic Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The goal of this study is to measure the association between exposure and outcome

A

Analytic study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rates are linked to the level of exposure to some agent for the group as a whole

A

Ecological Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are prepared for illustrating novel,
unusual, or atypical features identified in patients in medical practice, and they potentially generate new research questions.

A

case report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cross-sectional study, Case-control study, and Cohort study

A

Individual Based - Analytic Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • To learn about the characteristics of a population at one point in time
  • Does not use a comparison group
A

Cross-Sectional Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • To study rare diseases
  • To study multiple exposures that may be related to a single outcome
A

Case-Control Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can be used to find multiple outcomes from a single exposure

A

Cohort Study/ Longitudinal Study/ Follow-up Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a well-defined group of individuals
who share a common characteristic or experience

A

cohort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is divided into two branches - Randomized study and non-randomized study

A

Experimental studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Under this branch is Clinical trial and Control trial

A

Randomized studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a study in which people are allocated at random (by chance alone) to receive one of several clinical
interventions.

A

Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Someone who takes part in a randomized controlled trial
(RCT) is called

A

Participant or subject

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • seek to measure and compare the outcomes after the participants receive the interventions. Because the outcomes are measure.
  • are quantitative studies.
A

RCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Under this branch are Quasi-experimental study,
Field trial, and Community trial.

A

Non-Randomized study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Shares similarities with the traditional
experimental design or randomized controlled trial, but it specifically lacks the element of random assignment to treatment or control.

A

Quasi-Experimental Research

24
Q

Applies preventive interventions to healthy individuals.

A

Field Trial

25
Q

Applies intervention to aggregative units.

A

Community trial

26
Q
  • To provide scientific proof of etiological factors which may permit modification or control of disease.
  • To provide a method of measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of health services for the prevention, control and treatment of disease
    and improve the health of the community.
A

Aims of Experimental Studies

27
Q
  • observations of random variables made on the elements of a population or sample.
  • are the quantities / numbers, or qualities/ attributes measured or observed that are to be
    collected and or analyzed.
A

Data

28
Q

Type of data - collect data based on what is seen and heard and infer based on the data collected. Researchers should not interfere with the subjects or variables in any way

A

Observational data

29
Q

Type of data - produced this
by measurement, test method, experimental design. The researcher has control over some variables.

A

Experimental data

30
Q

The data gathered are presented in paragraph form. Data are written and read. It is a combination of texts and figures.

A

Textual

31
Q

Method of presenting data using the statistical table

A

tabular

32
Q

The most effective manner of presenting data since it can be easily understood. Examples are Pie, Bar,
Venn, Histogram, Line Diagram and Epidemic curve

A

Graphical

33
Q

consists of table number and title.

A

Table heading

34
Q

categories which are found at the left side of the body of the table

A

stubs

35
Q

the top of the coloumn

A

Box head

36
Q

main part of the tables

A

Body

37
Q

any statement or note inserted

A

footnotes

38
Q

source of the statistics

A

source notes

39
Q

when used properly, are a powerful tool in quickly and effectively relaying information to your audience.

A

graphical presentation

40
Q

To examine a relationship between two (nonsequential) variables.

A

scatterplot

41
Q

It is hard for such a graph not to be informative about the data since all the data points are explicitly represented, hence it is very good for
examining data to get a ‘feel’ for the patterns and identify extreme or unusual values (outliers) for checking or further investigation.

A

Scatterplot

42
Q

where the x- axis represents some
sequential variable like time, or distance along a transect (right, and below). In both cases there is an explicit (spatial or temporal) relationship between adjacent points along the x-axis, and the inclusion of the line makes the pattern of this sequence much clearer.

A

Line plot

43
Q

The name suggests, have two different y-axes, allowing variables with different scales to be plotted on the same graph. Primarily used in the
same sorts of situations as line plots, where you want to compare the pattern of change in two different types of variables.

A

double y plot

44
Q

Probably the most widely used type of graph in science.

A

bar chart

45
Q

usually fairly straightforward to produce, and generally are either used to represent means (and appropriate error bars), as in the graph here (right), or counts
of some sort, including proportions or
percentages. This chart can be presented horizontally or vertically.

A

bar chart

46
Q

combine features of line plots and
stacked bar charts.

A

area plots

47
Q

are familiar to everyone, much
beloved of business graphics packages and the media, but of relatively limited use for scientific figures.

A

Pie charts

48
Q

is a plot that lets you discover, and
show, the underlying frequency distribution (shape) of a set of continuous data. Links to an external site.

A

HIstogram

49
Q

method of organizing raw data in a compact form by displaying a series of scores in ascending or descending order, together with their frequencies

A

Frequency table

50
Q

diagram representing mathematical or logical sets pictorially as circles or closed curves within an enclosing rectangle (the universal set), common elements of the sets being represented by the areas of overlap among the circles.

A

Venn diagram

51
Q

A visual display of the onset of illness among cases associated with an outbreak.

A

Epidemic curve

52
Q

is used to estimate the extent of
the disease in the population

A

survey study

53
Q

designed to monitor or detect specific diseases

A

surveillance study

54
Q

investigate association between an exposure and a disease outcome. They rely on “natural” allocation of individuals to exposed or non-exposed groups.

A

Observational Study

55
Q

also investigates the association between an exposure, often
therapeutic treatment, and disease outcome individuals are “intentionally” placed into the treatment groups by the investigators

A

Experimental Study

Biostat Lec (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions