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Biostat Lec > Canvas Quizzes > Flashcards

Canvas Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemiology is a branch of medicine that concentrates on keeping people with a goal of disease prevention and health promotion.

A

True

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2
Q

In selecting a sample , the first step is to select/define a/the target ______________

A

Population

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3
Q

All of the ff are analytic/analytical studies EXCEPT:

B. Cohort
A. Case control
D. Cross sectional
C. Case series

A

C. Case series

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4
Q

A group of researchers would like to study the causes of an unusual form of sarcoma. They have discovered a registry of this form of cancer and have large access to the largest database of patients which, unfortunately, is only a few years old. They have funding for only 1 year from the National Institute of Health and note the budget will be tight. Which study will you recommend?

A. Cohort
B. Clinical trial
C. Case control
D. Correlation

A

C. Case control
(not sure)
In a case-control study, researchers can efficiently investigate potential risk factors or causes of a specific disease, in this case, the unusual form of sarcoma, by comparing individuals with the disease (cases) to those without the disease (controls)

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5
Q

In order to obtain a sample population, a researcher assembled individuals to some order and are then selected according to a constant determinant (every 7th subject is selected). What sampling procedure was done by the researcher?

C. Simple Random sampling
D. Stratified sampling
A. Paired sampling
E. Systematic sampling
B. Cluster sampling

A

E. Systematic sampling

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6
Q

The subjects are initially divided according to presence of disease. The outcome is analyzed first, then from there, exposure is determined. What study is this?

C. Case control
A. Cross sectional
D. Case report
B Cohort

A

C. Case control
(not sure)
In a case-control study, subjects are initially divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of the disease (cases and controls)

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7
Q

The subjects are initially divided according to presence or absence of exposure. Exposure is analyzed first, then from there outcome is determined. This study is called?

C. Case report
A. Case control
B. Cohort
D. Cross sectional

A

B. Cohort
(not sure)
In a cohort study, subjects are initially divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of exposure to a particular factor or risk factor.

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8
Q

A researcher is conducting a study on the effects of exposure to arsenic and the development of skin cancer. He takes a group of patients with disease and compares them with case matched without the disease. The frequency of arsenic of exposure is compared between the the two. Determine the type of this study.

B. Case series
C. Cohort
D. Case control
A. Cross sectional

A

D. Case control
(not sure).
In a case-control study, researchers compare individuals with a specific disease (cases) to those without the disease (controls) and investigate the exposure history, in this case, the frequency of arsenic exposure, to identify potential associations or risk factors

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9
Q

It is considered a descriptive and analytical study in which disease and exposure status are measured simultaneously in a given population. It does not use a comparison group. Identify what type of study.

A. Cohort
C. Case report
D. Cross sectional
B. Case control

A

D. Cross sectional
(not sure)

In a cross-sectional study, disease and exposure status are measured simultaneously in a given population, and there is no comparison group.

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10
Q

In solving for the standard deviation, the last step is to __________

A. Calculate the squared difference between each number and the mean
D. Round it off
B. Take the square root of the variance to find the standard deviation.
C. Square the variance

A

B. Take the square root of the variance to find the standard deviation.

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11
Q

True of standard deviation EXCEPT

B. If all values of a data are the same, the SD is zero because each value is equal to the mean
A. It is only used to measure spread or dispersion around the mean of a data set
C. It is sometimes positive
D. It looks at how spread out a group of numbers is from the mean

A

C. It is sometimes positive

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12
Q

This is evident of Coefficient of Variation, EXCEPT:

B. Is generally expressed as a percentage
C. The lesser the coefficient of variation, the greater the level of dispersion around the mean
A. Is the ratio of standard deviation
D. It is used for grouped data

A

C. The lesser the coefficient of variation, the greater the level of dispersion around the mean

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13
Q

The measure of dispersion of choice when the mean is used as the reference point.

D. Standard deviation
B. Variance
C. Coefficient of variation
A. Range

A

D. Standard deviation

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14
Q

In a survey of the eating behaviors of high school students, the researchers selected classes at random, every selected sections were then included in the sample. Which sampling procedure was employed?

A

cluster sampling

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15
Q

True of stratified sampling EXCEPT:

A. The population is divided into groups based on some characteristics
C. The groups are called strata
B. Within each group, a probability sample often a simple random sample is selected
D. We select the kth element on the list

A

D. We select the kth element on the list

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16
Q

True of simple random sampling EXCEPT:

B. The sample consists of “n” objects
A. Each individual has an equal chance of being selected
D. If all possible samples or objects are equally likely to occur
C. The population is divided into groups based on some characteristic

A

C. The population is divided into groups based on some characteristic

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17
Q

All are non-probability sampling techniques EXCEPT

D. Quota
B. Self-selection
A. Purposive
C. Convenience
E. Cluster

A

E. Cluster

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18
Q

All investigation in which assignment of patients to study groups is by random allocation

D. Cross-sectional study
A. Cohort study
B. Experimental study
C. Case-control study

A

B. Experimental study

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19
Q

This study is well-suited for occasional, sparse disorders/diseases

D. Case series
B. Cross-sectional
A. Cohort
E. Case-control
C. Case report

A

E. Case-control

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20
Q

The following are individual-based, analytical studies EXCEPT:

A. Cross-sectional
C. Cohort
D. Case reports
B. Case control

A

D. Case reports

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21
Q

Case reports are:

C. Both
A. Nom-experimental, analytic, population based
B. Descriptive, non-experimental, individual based
D. None of the choices

A

B. Descriptive, non-experimental, individual based

22
Q

A researcher is planning to do a survey to determine the top ten causes of morbidity in his community. What measure of tendency is best used?

a. Mean
d. Range
e. Standard deviation
b. Mode
c. Median

A

b. Mode

23
Q

Evident of Cohort EXCEPT

C. It describes the natural history of disease
B. Its starts with the factors/ exposure then researcher will look for the outcome
D. It is also called as Prevalence survey
A. It is still free from disease but with exposure
E. Alternative name is Follow-up.

A

D. It is also called as Prevalence survey

24
Q

The least likely description of Snowball sampling:

C. It is an example of non-probability sampling
A. It uses chain referral technique wherein the target population is small or hard to locate
D. Respondent decides whether or not to participate, typically in one request without the chance for follow up.
B. It asks respondents to recommend other respondents who might subsequently be invited to take the survey

A

D. Respondent decides whether or not to participate, typically in one request without the chance for follow up.

25
Q

This is also known as soft quotas. It captures a minimum number of respondents in a specific group.

D. Convenience sampling
C. Purposive sampling
A. Proportional Quota Sampling
B. Non-Proportional Quota Sampling

A

B. Non-Proportional Quota Sampling

26
Q

All are examples of probability sampling EXCEPT

D. Self-selection
E. Cluster
C. Stratified Random
A. Systematic
B. Simple Random

A

D. Self-selection

27
Q

All are types of purposive sampling EXCEPT:

E. Critical case
D. Atypical case
C. Typical case
A. Extreme case
B. Heterogenous case

A

D. Atypical case

28
Q

Synonym of accuracy:

B. Confidence level
C. Both
D. None of the choices
A. True value

A

c. both
(unsure)

29
Q

The temperature chart used in monitoring trends if patient is febrile or afebrile is a good example of what graph?

D. Histogram
B. Line graph/Line Plot
A. Pie chart
C. Venn diagram

A

B. Line graph/Line Plot

30
Q

The general composition of the sample is decided in advance. Sample selection is based on the given portion to meet.

A. Snowballing sampling
B. Quota sampling
C. Purposive
D. Self-selection

A

B. Quota sampling

31
Q

Proportion of smoking status: non-smoker, previous smoker, or current smoker in NCR, 2022. What is the most appropriate graph to utilize?

D. Histogram
A, Line Plot
C. Bar graph
B. Pie chart

A

B. Pie chart

32
Q

__________ analysis is the study of components of variation and change in demographic variables and the relationships between them.

A

demographic

33
Q

The study of the relationships between demographic variables and other variables such as social and economic variables.

d. Demographic study
a. Variable study
b. Population study
c. Population composition

A

Population study

34
Q

The relation of one population subgroup to the total population or to another subgroup; that is, one subgroup divided by another.

d. Count
c. Rate
b. Ratio
a. Range

A

b. Ratio

35
Q

The relation of a population subgroup to the entire population; that is, a population subgroup divided by the entire population.
a. Ratio
c. Rate
b. Count
d. Proportion

A

d. Proportion

35
Q

he following are called Frequency Measures EXCEPT:

c. Rate
b. Ratio
d. Count
a. Proportion

A

d. Count

36
Q

The answers should be the same if measured by different people in similar circumstances.
b. Sensitive
c. Valid
d. Reliable
a. Relevant

A

d. Reliable

37
Q

A type of census which assigns individuals in their usual place of residence rather than considering their actual location
c. Economic census
a. Defacto census
d. Decennial census
b. Dejure census

A

b. Dejure census

38
Q

This type of census considers physical presence regardless of where the person usually lives.
c. Modern census
d. Economic census
a. Dejure census
b. Defacto census

A

b. Defacto census

39
Q

All are tools of demography EXCEPT:
a. Rate
f. None of the above
e. Proportion
b. Constant
c. Range
d. Ratio

A

c. Range

40
Q

Population Composition is the study of the relationships between demographic variables and other variables such as social and economic variables.
True
False

A

False
The one that is defined is Population Study.

41
Q

It is a measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specific period of time. It is the number of cases divided by the total number of cases multiplied by 100.
d. Proportion
c. Range
a. Ratio
b. Rate

A

b. Rate

42
Q

Ratio, rate and proportion are examples of:
e. Only B and C
a. Descriptive measuring tools
d. All of the above
b. Frequency of measure
c. Measures of risk

A

wala pa ako answer

43
Q

This demographic indicator is the most sensitive index of assessing health status in the community. A high degree or record means low of health standards which maybe secondary to poor maternal and child health care
d. Crude death rate
b. Infant mortality rate
c. Maternal mortality rate
a. Neonatal mortality rate

A

b. Infant mortality rate

44
Q

It is a measure of the killing power of a disease

a. Case fatality rate
c. Attack rate
d. Risk
b. Death-to-case ratio
e. A and B only
f. C and D only

A

e. A and B only

45
Q

The number of deaths among those under 28 days of age in a calendar year.

d. Case fatality rate
b. Neonatal mortality rate
a. Post-neonatal mortality rate
c. Child mortality rate

A

b. Neonatal mortality rate

46
Q

Factors that decrease prevalence rate, EXCEPT:
d. High case fatality rate
b. In-migration of cases
a. Improved cure rates
c. In-migration of healthy people

A

b. In-migration of cases

47
Q

It reflects the occurrence of new disease in a population during a given time period.
b. Incidence rate
a. Prevalence rate
c. Morbidity rate
d. Mortality rate

A

b. Incidence rate

48
Q

The following are mortality indicators EXCEPT:
b. Case fatality rate
c. Attack rate
d. Infant mortality rate
a. Crude death rate

A

c. Attack rate

49
Q

These are quality of life indicators:
f. Only A, C and D
c. Civic engagement
a. Infrastructure
b. Culture
e. All of the above
d. Environmental quality

A

e. All of the above

50
Q

A morbidity indicator which is a section/amount of an initially disease-free population that develops disease, becomes injured, or dies during a specified period of time

b. Incidence proportion
d. All of the above
c. Attack rate
a. Risk

A

d. All of the above

Biostat Lec (6 decks)

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