Lymphoproliferative disorders Flashcards
What is lymphoproliferative neoplasia?
A group of conditions characterized by the excessive production of lymphocytes.
What is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?
A type of leukemia characterized by an increase in lymphoblasts.
What are the common genetic mutations associated with ALL?
- Down Syndrome
- Fusion gene t(12:21)
- t(9:22) BCR ABL Philadelphia chromosome
What is the typical WBC count in ALL?
Elevated WBC count, usually between 50 – 100 x10^9/L.
What is seen in peripheral blood findings for ALL?
More than 20% lymphoblasts.
What is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?
A common type of leukemia affecting primarily older adults, characterized by increased lymphocytes.
What is Evans Syndrome?
A condition characterized by CLL, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
What is the morphology of lymphocytes in CLL?
Small abnormal lymphocytes with a ‘soccer ball’ or ‘turtle shell’ chromatin pattern.
What is Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL)?
A rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by a high percentage of prolymphocytes.
What is Hairy Cell Leukemia?
A chronic leukemia that predominantly affects men over 50 years, characterized by splenomegaly.
What are the two main categories of lymphoma?
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
What is Multiple Myeloma?
A malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
What is a common laboratory finding in Multiple Myeloma?
Presence of Bence Jones protein in urine.
What are the implications of increased serum calcium in Multiple Myeloma?
It is due to bone degeneration and leads to fragile bones.
True or False: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is three times more common than Hodgkin Lymphoma.
True
What condition is characterized by an overproduction of B-lymphocytes and a monoclonal IgM spike?
Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia
It is very similar to multiple myeloma but lacks bone lesions and renal failure.
What is a notable laboratory finding in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia?
Bence Jones protein in urine
This indicates the presence of light chains of immunoglobulins.
True or False: Increased serum calcium is a feature of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.
False
Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia does not show increased serum calcium.
What is a common laboratory finding in both multiple myeloma and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia?
Increased ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is often elevated in both conditions.
