Lymphoma - relearning

Question 1

State the mechanisms by which NH lymphoma can occur

Answer 1

Constant antigenic stimulation - infection/autoimmunity

Viral integration

Virus causing a cancer because of immunosuppression

Question 2

Give examples of autoimmune diseases causing chronic immune stimulation causing NHL

Answer 2

B cell mediated:
Sjogren’s syndrome - parotid gland MZL
Hashimoto’s - MZL of thyroid

T cell mediated:
Coeliac disease - EATL

Question 3

Give examples of infection-driven chronic stimulation causing NHL

Answer 3

Infection:
Gastric MALT Marginal zone lymphoma

Question 4

Give an example of a virus which integrates into lymphocytes

Answer 4

Retrovirus HTLV1

Question 5

How is HTLV1 transmitted?

Answer 5

Vertical transmission - mother to baby

Question 6

What does HTLV1 cause?

Answer 6

Adult T cell leukemia lymphoma

Question 7

Give an example of a virus which causes NHL due to immunosuppresion, and list two methods of immunosuppresion.

Answer 7

EBV - (Herpes virus number 4)

HIV infection + iatrogenic immunosuppresion

Question 8

What does HIV do which results in immunosuppression and EBV activation?

Answer 8

HIV wipes out CD4 T cells

So there are no cytotoxic T cells which means there is no recognition or killing of B cells which express EBV antigen