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POM Week 2 > Lymphoid tissues > Flashcards

Lymphoid tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are primary lymphoid tissues?

A

Where lymphocytes are produced?

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2
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

B-cells
T-cells
Natural Killer cells

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3
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

Thymus
Bone marrow
Foetal liver

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4
Q

What do T-cells and B-cell comprise?

A

The adaptive immune response
Very specific
Memory for secondary encounter

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5
Q

Where is the primary site of haematopoiesis?

A

Bone marrow

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6
Q

When does white cell production increase?

A

During infection

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7
Q

What is Repertoire?

A

The range of the genetically distinct b-cell receptors and t-cell receptors that any given person has
Larger repertoire- more threats can be recognised

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8
Q

What happens in the thymus?

A

Immature T-cells migrate to the thymus where they undergo a step wise differentiation process

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9
Q

What is positive selection?

A

Whether the T-cell receptor that the cell expresses is functionally correct.

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10
Q

What is negative selection?

A

Will it react against our own body? If yes, undergoes apoptosis

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11
Q

What is meant by self?

A

Anything recognised by immune system as part of your normal molecular make-up

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12
Q

What is meant by non-self?

A

Anything recognised by the immune system as foreign

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13
Q

What is thymus involution?

A

The shrinking of the thymus with age

Associate with a change in structure and a reduced mass

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14
Q

How many T-cell in the blood roughly?

A

3.75x10^11

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15
Q

How many antigens can our body recognise?

A

10^15-10^20

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16
Q

How does a small population of cells (e.g 1) find a foreign protein in a human body?

A

Secondary lymphoid organs are where

17
Q

Name some secondary lymphoid organs

A

Lymph node
Spleen
Appenix
Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue

18
Q

How are the lymphoid organs connected?

A

Lymphatic system and the blood

19
Q

What are the two types of lymphoid tissue?

A

Discrete organs e.g lymph nodes/adenoids

Distinct regions with a tissue e.g spleen

20
Q

What are the main features of lymph nodes and the spleen?

A

Distinct T and B cell zones
Afferent (in) and efferent (out)
Arterial and venous connection

21
Q

What are epithelial barriers?

A

First line of defence against infection
Physical barrier
Extensive lymphatic network

22
Q

What are gut associated lymphoid tissue?

A

Specialised secondary lymphoid tissues called Peyer’s patches
Found below the epithelium of the ileum of the small intestine
Follicle is highly enriched with B-cells and contains a high frequency of germinal centres

23
Q

What is a germinal centre?

A

Anatomically restricted site where B cells undergo mutation and selection generate high affinity antibodies

24
Q

What are tonsils?

A

Pharyngeal, tubular, palatine and lingual tonsils encircle the oral and nasal cavity- form the Waldeyer ring

25
Q

How does the lymph circulate?

A

Fluid drained from between tissue cells absorbed into lymph

2-4 litres of lymph are returned to the blood each day via superior vena cava

26
Q

How often does each naïve T-cell recirculate?

A

Every 24 hours

27
Q

What are the 4 steps of T-cell extravasation?

A

Rolling
Activation
Arrest/Adhesion
Transendothelial migration

28
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

Professional antigen presenting cells

Range of migratory and tissue resident variety

29
Q

What is antigen presentation?

A

The display of peptides in the major histocompatibility complex I or II proteins such that the T-cell receptors can attempt to bind them

30
Q

What is the function of lymphoid organs?

A

To provide immunity

31
Q

How are lymphoid organs distributed?

A

Distributed around the body at a high frequency in areas routinely exposed to ‘danger’
There is regular flow of immune cells and fluid increasing chance of interactions

32
Q

What does CD stand for?

A

Cluster of Differentiation

33
Q

Define Cluster of Differentiation

A

Internally recognised standard for the systematic making of proteins
used in the phenotypic of hematopoietic cells

34
Q

How is identification of cells of the immune system carried out?

A

Analysis of what CD proteins have on their surface
e.g.
B-cells: CD19
T-cells: CD3

POM Week 2 (12 decks)

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