Lymphoid System Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three types of immunity and how do they work?
A
- Innate: 1st response; rapid and nonspecific; physical & cellular barriers
- Adaptive: 2nd line of defence: slow but specific; cellular specific response (T&B cells); can prevent future infections
- Passive: injection of external antibodies; immediate protection but only lasts a few weeks/months
2
Q
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation, and is it primary or secondary?
A
Thymus; primary
3
Q
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A
A) B cells
4
Q
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
5
Q
What is the main function of macrophages?
A
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
6
Q
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
A
Thymus
7
Q
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
A
T, B
8
Q
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
A
Lymph
9
Q
Macrophages are classified into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (____-inflammatory).
A
Anti
10
Q
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
A
Adaptive
11
Q
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
A
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
12
Q
How do cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
A
They release perforins and granzymes that induce apoptosis.
13
Q
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
A
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
14
Q
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
A
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
15
Q
How do vaccines work?
A
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
16
Q
What are the three types of immunity?
A
A) Innate, Adaptive, Passive
17
Q
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation?
A
A) Thymus
18
Q
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A
A) B cells
19
Q
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
20
Q
What is the main function of macrophages?
A
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
21
Q
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
A
Thymus
22
Q
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
A
T, B
23
Q
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
A
Lymph
24
Q
T-cytotoxic-cells, with the specific surface marker __, recognise MHC class __, and its type of memory cells are classified into __, __, or __ based on location & function.
A
- CD8+
- I
- Central Memory T cells (Tcm): lymph nodes /high proliferative capacity
- Effector Memory T cells (Tem): peripheral tissues / respond rapidly to infections.
- Resident Memory T cells (Trm): specific tissues (skin, lungs, intestine)/ rapid local response.
25
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
Adaptive
26
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
27
How do cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
They release perforins and granzymes that induce apoptosis.
28
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
29
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
30
How do vaccines work?
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
31
What are the three types of immunity?
A) Innate, Adaptive, Passive
32
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation?
A) Thymus
33
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A) B cells
34
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
35
What is the main function of macrophages?
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
36
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
Thymus
37
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
T, B
38
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
Lymph
39
Macrophages are classified into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (____-inflammatory).
Anti
40
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
Adaptive
41
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
42
How do cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
They release perforins and granzymes that induce apoptosis.
43
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
44
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
45
How do vaccines work?
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
46
What are the three types of immunity?
A) Innate, Adaptive, Passive
47
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation?
A) Thymus
48
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A) B cells
49
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
50
What is the main function of macrophages?
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
51
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
Thymus
52
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
T, B
53
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
Lymph
54
Macrophages are classified into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (____-inflammatory).
Anti
55
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
Adaptive
56
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
57
How do cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
They release perforins and granzymes that induce apoptosis.
58
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
59
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
60
How do vaccines work?
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
61
What are the three types of immunity?
A) Innate, Adaptive, Passive
62
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation?
A) Thymus
63
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A) B cells
64
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
65
What is the main function of macrophages?
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
66
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
Thymus
67
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
T, B
68
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
Lymph
69
Macrophages are classified into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (____-inflammatory).
Anti
70
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
Adaptive
71
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
72
How do cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
They release perforins and granzymes that induce apoptosis.
73
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
74
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
75
How do vaccines work?
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
76
What are the three types of immunity?
A) Innate, Adaptive, Passive
77
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation?
A) Thymus
78
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A) B cells
79
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
80
What is the main function of macrophages?
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
81
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
Thymus
82
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
T, B
83
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
Lymph
84
Macrophages are classified into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (____-inflammatory).
Anti
85
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
Adaptive
86
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
87
How do cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
They release perforins and granzymes that induce apoptosis.
88
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
89
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
90
How do vaccines work?
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
91
What are the three types of immunity?
A) Innate, Adaptive, Passive
92
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation?
A) Thymus
93
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A) B cells
94
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
95
What is the main function of macrophages?
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
96
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
Thymus
97
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
T, B
98
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
Lymph
99
Macrophages are classified into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (____-inflammatory).
Anti
100
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
Adaptive
101
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
102
How do cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
They release perforins and granzymes that induce apoptosis.
103
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
104
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
105
How do vaccines work?
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
106
What are the three types of immunity?
A) Innate, Adaptive, Passive
107
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation?
A) Thymus
108
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A) B cells
109
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
110
What is the main function of macrophages?
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
111
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
Thymus
112
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
T, B
113
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
Lymph
114
Macrophages are classified into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (____-inflammatory).
Anti
115
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
Adaptive
116
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
117
How do cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
They release perforins and granzymes that induce apoptosis.
118
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
119
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
120
How do vaccines work?
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
121
What are the three types of immunity?
A) Innate, Adaptive, Passive
122
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation?
A) Thymus
123
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A) B cells
124
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
125
What is the main function of macrophages?
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
126
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
Thymus
127
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
T, B
128
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
Lymph
129
T-helper-cells are classified into the following phenotypes based on what __ they can produce: __, __, __, and __.
- cytokines
- Th1 cell : Activation of macrophages/ CD8+/B cells ( antibodies)
- Th2 cell : Activation of eosinophils/ mast cells/ help B cells
- Th17 cell : Activation of neutrophilic response/ Barrier tissue defense
- T follicular helper: secondary lymphoid tissues→ assist activation of B
cells→ autoimmune diseases
130
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
Adaptive
131
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
132
How do cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
They release perforins and granzymes that induce apoptosis.
133
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
134
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
135
How do vaccines work?
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
136
What are the three types of immunity?
A) Innate, Adaptive, Passive
137
Which organ is responsible for T cell maturation?
A) Thymus
138
Which cell type is responsible for antibody production?
A) B cells
139
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
A) Destroy tumor and virus-infected cells
140
What is the main function of macrophages?
A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
141
The primary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and the ______.
Thymus
142
The adaptive immune system is composed mainly of ___ and ___ cells.
T, B
143
The lymphoid system transports and filters a fluid called ____.
Lymph
144
Macrophages, with the common surface marker __, are classified into __ and __ based on function.
CD68+
M1 Pro-inflammatory
M2 Anti-inflammatory
145
The immune response that involves memory cells is called the ______ immune response.
Adaptive
146
What is the function of the lymphoid system?
Drains excess fluid, absorbs fats, and defends against pathogens.
147
What are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cells that process and present antigens to T cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells.
148
What is the role of cytokines in the immune system?
They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses.
149
How do vaccines work?
They introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response and create memory cells.
150
What are the two ways in which a T CD8+ cell carries out its function?
- Indirect Cytotoxicity: T-cytotoxic-cells cause apoptosis by 1) release of perforin and granzyme B or 2) Interaction of FasR and FasL
- Direct Citotoxicity: Memory T-cytotoxic-cells release cytokines that activate monocytes ( macrophages) and NKs (this latter releases perforin and granzyme, causing apoptosis of target cell), which amplifies recruitment of
