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Microanatomy Unit 6 > Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

1
Q

macrophages and dendritic cells

A

APCs

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2
Q

bone marrow, thymus, production of lymphocytes

A

primary/central lymphoid organs

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3
Q

lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, microenv for lymphocytes and antigens

A

secondary/peripheral lymphoid organs

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4
Q

(primary/secondary) lymphoid nodules have germinal centers

A

secondary

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5
Q

loose lymphoid tissue

A

retucular cells

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6
Q

dense lymphoid tissue

A

lymphocytes

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7
Q

what happens in dark zone of germinal center

A

clonal expansion of B cells

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8
Q

mantle zone of germinal center

A

storage of young plasma and memory B cells

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9
Q

what happens in light zone of germinal center

A
  • (+/-) selection of B cells

- differentiation of (+) selected B cells

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10
Q

where are lymphatic nodules located in the lymph nodes

A

cortex

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11
Q

medullary sinuses in lymph node

A
  • no epithelial lining, loose lymphoid tissue

- permeable walls - free passage of wandering cells

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12
Q

efferent lymphatics

A
  • leave node at hilus

- valves point away from hilus

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13
Q

afferent lympatics

A
  • enter node at multiple sites on convex surface

- valved open toward node

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14
Q

path of lymph through node

A

afferent lymphatics –> subcapsular sinus –> peritrabecular (intermediate) sinuses –> medullary sinuses –> efferent lymphatics

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15
Q

reticular cells in lymph nodes

A

phagocytes

-failure leads to spread of infection, metastases

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16
Q

where is lymph filtered

A

sinuses of node

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17
Q

lymphocytes are produced in

A

germinal centers

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18
Q

lymphocyte circulation once produced

A

production in gemrinal centers –> forces to periphery of nodules –> enter sinuses –> leave node via efferent lymphatics –> enter circ system via throracic duct

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19
Q

lymphocytes enter circulatory system via

A

thoracic duct

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20
Q

how does most lymph return to nodes

A

high endothelial venules (HEVs) (post-capillary venules)

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21
Q

Where are HEVs found (high endothelial venules)

A

lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, tonsils

-NOT spleen

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22
Q

return lymph to node, permeable to small lymphocytes, cell adhesion molecules

A

HEVs

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23
Q

most HEVs are found here, populated mostly by T lymphocytes, under thymin influence

A

boundary between cortex and medulla

-paracortical zone AKA deep/tertiary/inner cortex

24
Q

where are deep cortex units

A

openings of afferent lymphatic

25
Q

central vs peripheral deep cortex regions of lymph node

A

storage/prolif vs HEVs/migration of lymphocytes

26
Q

functions of paracortical zone

A

filter lymph, produce and select B lymphocytes, immune response to lymph-born antigens

27
Q

embryological origin of thymus

A
  • 3rd and 4th branchial/pharyngeal pouches

- mesenchyme

28
Q

site of thymocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and selection

A

cortex of thymus

29
Q

site of thymocyte maturation

A

medulla of thymus

30
Q

epithelial reticular cells do not….

A
  • not phagocytic

- do not manufacture reticular fibers

31
Q

epithelial reticular cells in thymus secrete

A

thymosins - pomote differentiation of T cells

32
Q

epithelial reticular cells form

A

Hassall’s corpuscles

33
Q

what structures are unique to thymic medulla, concentrically arranged around epithelial reticular cells, kertinize/calcify, contributes to blood-thymus border, and decrease with age

A

Hassall’s corpuscles

34
Q

where are desmosomes and tonofilaments found in the thymus

A

epithelial reticular cells

35
Q

reticular cells of mesenchymal origin

A

dendritic cells

36
Q

dendritic cells of thymus are identical to

A

reticular cells of lymph node

-phagocytic

37
Q

dendritic cells produce

A

thymopoietin (induction of CD90)

38
Q

dendritic cells support development of T lymphocytes under influence of

A

thymosin

39
Q

where is largest accumulation of lymph in the body

A

spleen

40
Q

where is smooth muscle in spleen

A

capsule and trabeculae

41
Q

red splenic pulp

A

splenic sinuses and splenic cords

42
Q

splenic cords and splenic sinuses

A

cords are between sinuses

43
Q

splenic sinuses

A

vascular channels, discontinuous basement membrane with macrophages for free exchange btw cords and sinuses

44
Q

splenic cords

A

cellular tissue between sinuses, destruction of RBCs, storage of blood

45
Q

RBCs destroyed and blood is stored here in sleen

A

splenic cords

46
Q

composed of lymphoid tissue, periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS), lymphatic nodules

A

white splenic pulp

47
Q

junction of red and white splenic pulp, contains lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, site of initiation of immune responses to blood-born antigens

A

marginal zone

48
Q

blood flow through slpeen

A

splenic artery enters at hilus –> trabecular arteries –> central arteries/arterioles –> penicilli –> capillaries

49
Q

what artery enters hilus of spleen

A

splenic

50
Q

theory that states splenic capillaries go to cords then sinuses = slower

A

open theory

51
Q

theory that splenic capillaries go straights to sinuses (bypass cords) = faster

A

closed theory

52
Q

penicilli

A

branches into splenic red pulp

53
Q

in spleen, structures that are spaces between endothelial cells, have discontinuous basement membrane with macrophages within cords

A

splenic sinuses

54
Q

where are lymphocytes produced in the spleen

A

secondary lymphatic nodules

55
Q

immune response to blood born antigens in spleen

A

dendritic cells present antigen to lymphocytes –> activated B cells migrate to lymphatic nodules, differentiate –> activated T cells migrate to PALS, differentiate

Microanatomy Unit 6 (4 decks)

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