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Imunology > Lymphocyte Receptor Diversity > Flashcards

Lymphocyte Receptor Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the B cell receptor made of?

A

4 polypeptide chains

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2
Q

What are the parts of the 4 polypeptide chains in B cell receptor?

A

-2 shorter chains -> light chains
- 2 longer chains -> heavy chains

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3
Q

Where do antigens bind on B cell receptors?

A

areas where there are both heavy and light chains

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4
Q

How many antigen binding sites on B cell receptors?

A

2

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5
Q

What are the antigen binding sites referred to as?

A

Fab portion of receptor

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6
Q

What does the Fe portion of the B cell receptor contain?

A

only heavy chains

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7
Q

What does the Fe portion of the B cell receptor bind to?

A
  • B cell membrane
  • Fe receptors on other immune cells when secreted as an antibody
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8
Q

What does the Fe portion of B cell receptor determines?

A

effector function

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9
Q

What do light chains and heavy chains have on B cell receptors?

A

variable and constant regions

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10
Q

What does variation in antigen occur due to?

A

variable regions

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11
Q

What are constant regions of light chains on B cell receptor?

A

λ or κ

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12
Q

What are constant regions of heavy chains on B cell receptor?

A

one of 5 classes

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13
Q

What are the 5 classes of heavy chains on B cell receptor?

A

α, δ, ε, γ, m

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14
Q

What antibody is α heavy chain for?

A

IgA antibody (a dimer)

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15
Q

What antibody is δ heavy chain for?

A

IgD antibody

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16
Q

What antibody is ε heavy chain for?

A

IgE antibody

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17
Q

What antibody is γ heavy chain for?

A

IgG antibody

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18
Q

What antibody is m heavy chain for?

A

IgM antibody (a pentamer)

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19
Q

How is B cell receptor diversity generated?

A
  • gene recombination
  • gene conversion
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20
Q

Where does gene recombination for BCR occur?

A

variable regions of light and heavy chain

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21
Q

What genes does the variable region of light chains contain BCR?

A

V and J

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22
Q

How does gene recombination for light chains occur BCR?

A

1 V gene and 1 J gene are randomly selected and put together with constant region gene

23
Q

What genes does the variable region of heavy chains contain BCR?

A

V, D, and J

24
Q

How does gene recombination occur for variable regions of heavy chains BCR?

A

1 V gene, 1 D gene, and 1 J gene are randomly selected and put together with constant region gene

25
Q

Outcome gene recombination BCR?

A

light chain and heavy chain are put together to form a B cell receptor specific for a unique antigen

26
Q

Where does gene conversion happen BCR?

A

only in V gene

27
Q

How does gene conversion happen BCR?

A
  • uracil randomly inserted into V gene
  • seen as an error and uracil is cut out, leave a space
  • pseudogene sequences that are upstream of the V gene are inserted to fill space
  • now have completely different V gene
28
Q

What are the types of T cell receptors?

A
  • α β TCRs
  • γ δ TCRs
29
Q

What are the majority of TCRs?

A

α β TCRs

30
Q

What is each TCR made of?

A

2 polypeptide chains

31
Q

What does each polypeptide chain of a TCR contain?

A

a variable region and a constant region

32
Q

How is diversity of TCRs achieved?

A

gene recombination

33
Q

What genes does α chain of TCR contain?

A

V, J, and 1 constant

34
Q

How does gene recombination of α chain of TCR occur?

A

random selection of 1 V gene and 1 J gene, and then these genes get put with the C gene

35
Q

What genes does β chain of TCR contain?

A

V, D, J, and 2 constant genes

36
Q

How does gene recombination of β chain of TCR occur?

A

random selection of 1 V gene, 1 J gene, 1 D gene, and 1 constant gene, and then put together

37
Q

What is unique about gene recombination of β chain TCR?

A

D gene is option or multiple D genes can be selected

38
Q

Where does junctional diversity occur TCR?

A

occurs at junctions between the different genes on α and β chains

39
Q

What ways does junctional diversity occur TCR?

A
  • base insertion
  • base deletion
40
Q

What is base insertion TCR?

A

random nucleotides are inserted at junctions between V, (D), and J genes

41
Q

How many nucleotides may be added between V and D genes in base insertion TCR?

A

5 nucleotides

42
Q

How many nucleotides may be added between D and J genes in base insertion TCR?

A

4 nucleotides

43
Q

What is base deletion TCR?

A

random nucleotides made be removed between genes

44
Q

What does MHC stand for?

A

major histocompatibility complex

45
Q

Where is MHC -I found?

A

in all nucleated cells

46
Q

Where is MHC- II

A

professional APCs

47
Q

What are the professional APCs?

A
  • macrophages
  • dendritic cells
  • B cells
48
Q

What does MHC-I present?

A

endogenous antigen

49
Q

What is an endogenous antigen?

A

antigen comes from intracellular locations, within the cell

50
Q

What can endogenous antigens be?

A

normal (self) or due to an infection (nonself)

51
Q

What do MHC-II present?

A

exogenous antigen

52
Q

What is an exogenous antigen?

A

antigen comes from extracellular locations (outside the cell)

53
Q

How do MHC-I present antigen?

A

antigen broken into smaller pieces and these pieces can be presented on MHC-I

54
Q

How do MHC-II present antigen?

A

antigen is phagocytized or internalized, broken into smaller pieces, and these pieces can then be presented on MHC-II

Imunology (12 decks)

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