Cytokine Flashcards
What ways are cytokines classified?
- interleukin
- chemokines
- endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine
What do interleukin do?
communication between white blood cells
What do chemokines do?
recruit specific cells to site of infection
What does endocrine mean?
travels through bloodstream to target
What does paracrine mean?
travels a short distance to target, typically traveling through tissue fluid
What does autocrine mean?
acts on cell that selected it
What do cytokines bind to and what happens?
cytokines will bind to its receptor on a target cell
- causes initiation transduction within cell
- results in alteration of enzyme activity and/or gene activation
What are the 5 attributes of cytokines?
- pleiotropy
- redundancy
- synergy
- antagonism
- cascade induction
What is pleiotropy?
the same cytokine may have different biological effects dropping on the target cell
What is redundancy?
2 or more cytokines may mediate similar biological effects
What is synergy?
combined effect of 2 cytokines on cellular activity is greater than their indicidual effects
What is antagonism?
effect of one cytokine can inhibit the effect of another
What is cascade induction?
cytokine acting on a target cell can result in cytokine production by the target cell
What are the cytokine families?
- IL- Family
- Class 1 (hematopoietin) family
- Class 2 (Interferon) family
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Family
- IL-17 Family
- Chemokines
What are IL- Family secreted by?
dendrite cells and macrophages
What are IL-1 Family considered?
proinflammatory
What does proinflammatory mean?
causes inflammation
What are the systemic effects of IL-1 family?
it is a pyrogen
What does being a pyrogen mean?
it causes fever
What is Class 1 (hematopoietin) family secreted by?
a diverse set of cells
What are Class 1 (hematopoietin) family considered?
hematopoietic
What does Class 1 (hematopoietin) family do?
diverse function
What makes up Class 2 (interferon) family?
- type I interferon
- type ii interferon
- type iii interferon
What are the types of type I interferon?
- IFN - alpha
- IFN - beta
What are the types of type II interferon?
- IFN - γ
What are the types of type III interferons?
- IFN - λ
What does Class 2 (interferon) family do?
increases expression of MHC complex proteins
What are IFNS in class 2 (interferon) family involved in?
immune responses to viral infections
What can Tumor Necrosis Factor family be?
soluble or membrane bound
What tumor necrosis factor families are soluble?
- TNF - alpha
- TNF - beta
What tumor necrosis factor families are membrane bound?
- lymphotoxin beta
- BAFF
- APRIL
- CD40L
- FasL
What is IL-17 family produced by?
TH17 cells
What are IL-17 family?
proinflammatory
What are chemokines considered?
chemoattractants
What do chemoattractants do?
elicit chemotaxis
What is chemotaxis?
soluble factor directed cell movement
What does chemotaxis cause?
leukocyte rolling
What is leukocyte rolling?
movement of leukocytes out of circulatory system towards the cite of infection, they stick along walls and “roll” and they slip through
