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Imunology > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the external barriers?

A
  • epithelial barriers
  • antimicrobial proteins/peptides
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2
Q

What are the types of antimicrobial proteins/peptides?

A
  • lysozyme
  • defensins
  • surfactants
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3
Q

Where are lysozymes found?

A

saliva

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4
Q

What do lysozymes do?

A

kills microbes

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5
Q

What are defensins secreted by?

A

epithelial cells

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6
Q

What do defensins do?

A
  • kill bacteria
  • alter lipoprotein envelope around viruses
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7
Q

What are surfactants secreted in?

A

respiratory tract

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8
Q

What do surfactants do?

A

bind to microbial surfaces and alter surface proteins

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9
Q

Where are PRRs found?

A

on all cells of immune system

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10
Q

What do PRRs do?

A

bind to PAMPs on pathogen

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11
Q

What are some PRRs expressed on?

A

cell membranes or within cell

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12
Q

What does PRRs expressing on cell membrane allow for?

A

recognition of extracellular pathogens

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13
Q

What does PRRs expressing within cells allow for?

A

recognition of intracellular pathogens

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14
Q

What does PRR signaling induce (aka PRR binding to PAMPs)?

A

induces expression of different proteins

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15
Q

What proteins are induced by PRR signalling?

A
  • antimicrobial proteins
  • Type I interferons
  • proinflammatory cytokines
  • chemokines
  • enzymes
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16
Q

What antimicrobial proteins are expressed by induction of PRR signaling?

A
  • defensins
  • cathelicidin
17
Q

What do defensins do?

A

kill microbes

18
Q

What do cathelicidins do?

A

work similarly to defensins, kill microbes

19
Q

What are the Type I interferons are expressed by induction of PRR signaling?

A

IFN alpha and IFN beta

20
Q

What do IFN alpha and IFN beta do?

A
  • increase expression of MHC - 1 on cells
  • inhibition of viral replication within cells
21
Q

What proinflammatory cytokines are expressed by induction of PRR signaling?

A

IL - 1, IL - 2, TNF - alpha

22
Q

What do IL- 1, IL-6, and TNF alpha do?

A

increase vascular permeability

23
Q

What do chemokines do?

A

recruit cells to certain tissues

24
Q

What chemokines are expressed by induction of PRR signaling?

A

IL-8

25
Q

What does IL- 8?

A

recruits neutrophils to site of infection
- what causes visible inflammation

26
Q

What enzymes are express by induction of PRR signaling?

A
  • inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
  • cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2)
27
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

generate antimicrobial/proinflammatory mediators

28
Q

What does inducible nitric oxide synthase do?

A

produces nitric oxide (NO) which damages pathogen membranes

29
Q

What does cyclooxygenase 2 do?

A

produces prostaglandins which mediate inflammatory response

Imunology (12 decks)

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