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[OS 205] Thorax > Lymphatics and Immune System > Flashcards

Lymphatics and Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Where lymphocytes are produced

A

Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Composition of Lymph

A

H2O, Electrolytes, 2-4% Protein

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3
Q

Helper T Cells

Function

A

CD4

Activate B Cells

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4
Q

What are antigen presenting cells?

A

Macrophages

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5
Q

Cytotoxic T Cells

Function

A

CD8

Lyse invading cells

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6
Q

What produces antibodies?

A

B-Lymphocytes

Memory Cells

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7
Q

Where is there more heterochromatin in?

A

Naive B and T Cells

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8
Q

What is an Epitope?

A

Molecule presented; binds to the receptors of T Cells

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9
Q

Natural Killer Cells (2)

Function

A

CD16 and CD56

Basically kills anything

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10
Q

Suppressor T Cells (4)

Created By?

A

CD4, CD8, CD25, and FOXP3

Hassal’s Corpuscle

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11
Q

What activates Natural Killer Cells? (2)

A

Interferon and Antibodies

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12
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex (AkA?)

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)

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13
Q

What chromosome is the MHC found?

A

Chromosome 6

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14
Q

[Class I MHC]

What genes?

Function?

A

Self-antigen Genes

A, B, and C Genes

Can recognize self cells

Cytotoxic T Cells can only lyse foreign cells expressing MHCI on their surface

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15
Q

[Class II MHC]

What genes?

Function?

A

6 D Genes

T Cell Receptor

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16
Q

Where are MHC I found?

Where are MHC II found?

A

Present in all nucleated cells of the body

Present only on immune cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes

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17
Q

Differentiate Humoral and Cytotoxic Response

  1. What mediates it?
  2. What elicits the reaction?
  3. What completes the job?
A
  1. Humoral: Antibody-mediated
    Cytotoxic: Cell-mediated
  2. Humoral: Bacteria and Foreign Cells
    Cytotoxic: Viruses, parasites, and protozoans
  3. Humoral: Macrophages ingest antigen (MHC II)
    Cytotoxic: Killer T cells recognize foreign MHC I
18
Q

What are the key messengers for cytotoxic immune response?

A

IFN-Gamma

IL-12

19
Q

[Humoral Immune Response]

Steps

A

Macrophage Ingest Antigen
Secretion of IL-1 (Attracts T-Cells)
Binding with TCR-CD3
CD28 Activation

20
Q

Helper T-Cells produce what to help T-Cell proliferation?

21
Q

[Cytotoxic Immune Respones]

Steps

A

Binding with TCR-CD8 Marker
Costimulation by CD80 or CD86 on APC via CD28 marker

Alternative: Stimulation from Type 1 Helper via IFN-Gamma and IL-12

22
Q

Memory responses require which signals to activate?

A

Signal 1 alone

23
Q

Difference in circulation among lymphocytes

Memory Cells
PMN and Naive Cells

A

Memory Cells: Circulate

PMN and Naive: Rolls

24
Q

Lymphocytes roll via?

A

L-selectin-PNAd Interaction

25
Q

Leukocytes stick to?

A

Leukocyte Function-Associated Antigen (LFA-1)

26
Q

Differentiate Primary vs Secondary Lymphoid Organs

  1. Sites of?
  2. Location
  3. Origin?
A

Primary:

  1. Maturation/Differentiation
  2. Thymus and Bone Marrow (Bursa of Fabricius in Avians)
  3. Epithelial Origin

Secondary:

  1. Sites of Sensitization (After maturing)
  2. Lymph nodes, white pulp of spleen, tonsils, loose CT, Peyer’s Patches, Appendix
  3. Mesenchymal Origin
27
Q

What is the primary lymphoid organ in mammals?

28
Q

What is the fate of the Thymus?

A

Increase in weight until puberty, then it involutes and is infiltrated by adipose tissue

29
Q

Where do T-cells differentiate?

30
Q

Where would you find only B cells?

Where would you find only T Cells?

Where could you find both?

A

Secondary Folicles

Thymus

Lymph Nodes

31
Q

What are the different types of thymic epithelial cells?

A

Type 1: Epithelial Framework Cells
Types 2 and 3: Thymic Nurse Cells
Types 4, 5, and 6: Epithelial Cells in Medulla

32
Q

Function of Type 2 and 3 Thymic Epithelial Cells

A

Thymic Nurse Cells

Kill lymphocytes that detect self antigens

33
Q

What could happen without the spleen?

A

Lowered immune response to blood-borne infections

34
Q

Spleen Parts

A

White Pulp and Red Pulp

It has no cortex and medulla

35
Q

Main function of white pulp and red pulp?

A

White Pulp: Immune Function

Red Pulp: Blood Filtering

36
Q

Most abundant lymphoid organ?

A

Lymph Nodes

37
Q

Function of Hilum

A

Exit of efferent lymph and blood vessels

38
Q

What is the cause of swollen lymph nodes?

A

Germinal Center Swelling

39
Q

What are tonsils? Are they organs?

A

Areas of hypertrophied mucosa

They are not organs

40
Q

Differentiate Lingual, Palatine, and Pharyngeal Tonsils

  1. Location
  2. Cell Type
A
  1. Tongue; Lateral Walls of Oropharynx; Anteroposterior Walls of Pharynx
  2. SSE; SSE; PCCE
41
Q

What are Peyer’s Patches?

Function?

A

Confluent Nodular Lymphoid Tissue

They are found on the intestinal wall

Antigen-presenting cell which activate helper T and B cells

[OS 205] Thorax (10 decks)

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