Cardiac Cycle and Output

Question 1

B-1 Adrenergic Agonist

Answer 1

NAME?

Question 2

Xanthines

Answer 2

• Inhibit phosphodiesterase that breaks down cAMP, increasing time Ca2+ channels are open

Question 3

Catecholamine

Answer 3

• Increases Ca2+ ATPase activity in the SR

Question 4

Digitalis

Answer 4

• Inhibits Na-K ATPase in sarcolemma- Lowers Na gradient for Na-Ca exchange

Question 5

Aortic Stenosis1. Systole or Diastole?2. Effects

Answer 5

1. Systolic ejection murmor due to high frequency and volume of blood flow2. Left ventricle hypertrophy

Question 6

Aortic Insufficiency1. Systole or Diastole?2. Effects

Answer 6

1. Early diastolic murmur, high-pitched “blowing”2. Reduced output by hypertrophy and dilation

Question 7

Cardiac Decompensation1. When does it occur2. Effects3. What can occur

Answer 7

1. Late stages of aortic stenosis/insufficiency2. Left ventricle dilates and cardiac output falls3. Myocardial Ischemia

Question 8

Mitral Stenosis1. Systole or Diastole?2. Cause?

Answer 8

1. “Rumbling” Diastolic sound2. Caused by flow of blood through a narrowed mitral valve from LA -> LV- Results as a calcification of the mitral valve

Question 9

Mitral Valve Prolapse1. Systole or Diastole?2. Effects?

Answer 9

1. Systolic Murmur2. Leakage of blood back to LA

Question 10

Left - Right Shunt1. Describe2. With or Without Cyanosis3. Possible Consequence

Answer 10

1. Flow of oxygenated blood from left-sided chamber to right2. No cyanosis3. May cause congestion/heart failure

Question 11

Right-Left Shunt1. Describe

Answer 11

Flow of deoxygenated blood from right side of the heart to the left

Question 12

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 12

1. Ventricular Septal Defect2. Narrowing of Pulmonary Outflow Tract3. Overriding Aorta4. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy