Cardiac Imaging

Question 1

Quality Control of Film

Answer 1

1. Position2. Inspiration3. Exposure

Question 2

Location of Diaphragm

Answer 2

9th-10th Posterior Aspect of Ribs5th-6th Anterior Aspect of Ribs

Question 3

Differentiate Under and Overexposure

Answer 3

Under: WhiterOver: Darker

Question 4

Levocardia

Answer 4

Heart in: LeftApex Points: Left

Question 5

Dextrocardia

Answer 5

Heart in: RightApex Points: Right

Question 6

Mesocardia

Answer 6

Heart in: MidlineApex Points: Down

Question 7

Dextroposition (Dextroversion)

Answer 7

Heart in: RightApex Points: Left

Question 8

Situs Solitus

Answer 8

Atrium: RA is to the right of LAGastric Air Bubble: LeftLiver: Right

Question 9

Situs Inversus

Answer 9

Atrium: RA is to the left of LAGastric Air Bubble: RightLiver: Left

Question 10

Situs Ambiguous

Answer 10

Not possible due to paucity of anatomic markersLiver and Spleen are unidentifiable

Question 11

Cardio-Thoracic Ratio

Answer 11

Widest transverse diameter of heart by widest transverse diameter of thorax taken at inner side of rib cage

Question 12

Normal CT in Adults

Answer 12

0.5 or Less

Question 13

Normal CT in Newborn

Answer 13

0.65

Question 14

Normal CT ratio for Children

Answer 14

Between 0.5 - 0.65

Question 15

Hypervascularity

Answer 15

Vessel diameter larger than bronchioles

Question 16

HypovascularityCould be confused with what kind of film?

Answer 16

Vessels are smaller than the bronchiolesOverexposed films

Question 17

Kerley’s B Lines

Answer 17

Horizontal lines in periphery but they should be avascular

Question 18

Perihalar Haziness

Answer 18

Fuzzy and blurred image, whereas they should be distinct

Question 19

Peribronchial CuffingThis is a sign of?

Answer 19

Thick bronchioles (Normal is hair-strand thick)Sign of pulmonary congestion

Question 20

Signs of Interstitial Edema

Answer 20

Kerley’s A Lines: Diagonal Lines usually in Upper Lobe

Kerley’s B Lines: Horizontal LinesKerley’s C Lines: Tangled with cobweb appearance

Question 21

Pulmonary Hila As Landmark (2)

Answer 21

Pulmonary Arteries

Pulmonary Veins

Question 22

[Contrast Studies] Color?
Arteries and Veins
Air-filled Structures

Answer 22

A and V: White

Air-Filled: Black

Question 23

[Lateral View]

Border-forming Structures (3)

Answer 23

Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle

Question 24

[CT Scan Imaging] Colors
Bones
Air-Filled Structures
Soft Tissues

Answer 24

B: White
A: Black
ST: Gray

Question 25

Signs of Right Atrial Enlargement

Answer 25

Lateral Bulging

Question 26

Signs of Right Ventricular Enlargement (Budding Breast) [3]

Answer 26

Rounding
Uplifting and Lateral Displacement of Apex
Retrosternal Fullness

Question 27

Signs of Left Atrial Enlargement

Answer 27

Double Density on Right Border
Enlargement of LA Appendage
Uplifting of Left Mainstem Bronchus
Widening of Carinal Angle

Question 28

Signs of Left Ventricular Enlargement (Sagging Breast or Heavy Heart)

Answer 28

Lateral and Inferior Displacement of Apex
Posterior Displacement of the Posteroinferior Border of the Heart
Hoffman-Rigler Sign
Retrocardiac Fullness

Question 29

Underexposure May Mimic (2)

Answer 29

Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary Congestion

Question 30

Signs of Venous Congestion (3)

Answer 30

Increased caliber of vessels
Cephalization of pulmonary blood flow
Normal tapering from medial to lateral

Question 31

PA Projection Right Side (3)

Answer 31

Superior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Inferior Vena Cava

Question 32

PA Projection Left Side (3)

Answer 32

Aortic Knob
Main Pulmonary Trunk
Left Ventricle