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152 LE 5 > Lymphatic Viruses > Flashcards

Lymphatic Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

how many species of ebolavirus are there

A

5

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2
Q

species that affect humans

A

SUDV, EBOV, BDBV

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3
Q

list the 5 species of ebola virus

A

sudan ebolavirus
zaire ebolavirus
tai forest ebolavirus
bundibugyp ebolavirus
resron ebolavirus

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4
Q

species that affects primates including humans

A

TAFV

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5
Q

species that affects nonhuman primates and swine

A

RESTV

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6
Q

ebola envelope

A

+ with glycoprotein spikes

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7
Q

ebola symmetry and shape

A

helical, filamentous, pleomorphic, flexible with extensive branching

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8
Q

ebola has _ layers with _ proteins

A

3, 7

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9
Q

What are the three layers of the Ebola virus?

A

envelope, matrix space, and nucleocapsid

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10
Q

proteins in nucelocapsid

A

NP, VP35, L, VP30

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11
Q

protein in envelope

A

glycoprotein

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12
Q

protein in matrix space

A

VP40, VP24

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13
Q

modes of transmission for ebola

A

direct contact
raw meat consumption
sexual contact
breast milk

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14
Q

ebola virions enter the _ and affect _ cells

A

mucosal membrane, dendritic

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15
Q

ebola
dendritic cells > lymph nodes > _ or _

A

systemic spread and multiple organ dysfunction, immune system dysregulation

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16
Q

ebola:
immune system dysregulation leads to

A

impaired T cell activation and excessive cytokines

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17
Q

what happens to the circulatory system when Ebola enters the body

A

capillary leakage and 3rd spacing
coagulopathy > haemorrhagic manifestations
damage to endothelium
low blood pressure

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18
Q

release of pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to

A

endothelial leakage

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19
Q

reduced synthesis of clotting factors

A

hepatocellular necrosis

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20
Q

stages of Ebola virus disease

A

exposure
incubation
early symptoms
symptoms worsen
death
spread

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21
Q

ebola patients are most contagious at and near _

A

death

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22
Q

during exposure and incubation, the patient is contagious or not contagious

A

not contagious

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23
Q

patient becomes contagious during the _ stage

A

early symptoms

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24
Q

8-12 days after exposure

A

fever, chills, fatigue, muscle pain, weakness

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25
Q

2 weeks after exposure

A

diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, red eyes, bleeding

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26
Q

6-16 days after symptoms begin

A

damage to blood vessels causing drop in BP and organ failure

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27
Q

Ebola transmission shedding

A

blood
sweat
vomit
sputum
feces
urine
semen

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28
Q

Ebola clinical signs

A

fever
myalgia
headache
malaise
diarrhea
abdominal pain
epistaxis
vomiting
loss of appetite
rash
red eyes

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29
Q

Ebola diagnosis

A

ELISA
RT-PCR
Next Generation Sequencing

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30
Q

in antigen detection, high sensitivity is recorded in the _ phase

A

acute

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31
Q

gold standard of diagnosis for Ebola

A

RT-PCR

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32
Q

antibody detected in Ebola diagnosis

A

IgM

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33
Q

2 vaccines are approved for which species

A

Zaire ebolavirus

34
Q

there is no specific vaccine or treatment for Ebola, supportive therapy only

A

TRUE

35
Q

supportive therapy includes:

A

rehydration
nutrition
analgesics
blood transfusion
prophylactic antimicrobials

36
Q

preventative measures for Ebola virus

A

proper hygiene, avoiding contact with body fluids and raw meat, isolation, cleaning & disinfection, using PPE

37
Q

drugs in development for the treatment of Ebola virus

A

Favipiravir, BCX4430, and brincidofovir

38
Q

origin of Ebola outbreak in West Africa

A

Gueckedou

39
Q

cytomegalovirus order, family, subfamily

A

herpesvirales, herpesviridae, betaherpesvirinae

40
Q

cytomegalovirus envelope

A

+ icosahedral nucleocapsid

41
Q

cytomegalovirus genome

A

linear dsDNA

42
Q

cytomegalovirus prominent structures

A

outer lipid envelope
tegument
nucleocapsid
internal nucleoprotein core

43
Q

CMV incubation period for normal hosts

A

4-8 weeks

44
Q

infectious monucleosis-like syndrome

A

systemic

45
Q

in normal hosts, CMV is mostly _, _ infections

A

subclinical, lifelong latent

46
Q

symptoms in normal hosts with CMV

A

fever, sore throat, swollen glands, hepatitis (occasionally)

47
Q

acute febrile illness with an increase of 50% or more in lymphocytes/monocytes

A

typical mononucleosis syndrome

48
Q

immunosuppressed hosts include:

A

organ transplant recipients, patients undergoing chemotherapy, AIDS+

49
Q

complications in immunosuppressed hosts with CMV

A

pneumonia and reactivation

50
Q

newborn and infants are prone to

A

intrauterine fetal infection and congenital CMV

51
Q

patients with HIV can have

A

CMV-induced end-organ damage

52
Q

painless blurred vision, unilateral floaters, light flashes

A

retinitis

53
Q

modes of transmission for cytomegalovirus

A

Direct contact with saliva or urine
Sexual contact
Organ transplant and blood transfusion
Breast milk
Pregnancy

54
Q

epidemiological factors for CMV

A

geographic location
age
socioeconomic status

55
Q

CMV diagnosis

A

serology
viral culture
antigenemia
molecular (PCR, non-PCR)

56
Q

viral culture for CMV diagnosis

A

tube culture, shell vial assay

57
Q

Antibody detection for CMV detects

A

IgG and IgM

58
Q

Antigenemia detects

A

pp65 Ag

59
Q

anti-CMV agents halt CMV _ but do not _ the virus

A

replication, eliminate

60
Q

anti-CMV agents

A

Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

61
Q

epstein-barr virus order, family, subfamily

A

herpesvirales, orthoherpesviridae, gammaherpesvirinae

62
Q

EBV envelope

A

+ icosahedral nucleocapsid

63
Q

EBV symmetry

A

helical

64
Q

What cells does the Epstein-Barr virus target?

A

B cells and epithelial cells

65
Q

incubation period for Epstein-Barr virus?

A

30-50 days

66
Q

EBV pathogenesis:
_ > _ > _ cells

A

saliva > oropharynx > pharyngeal epithelial cells

67
Q

How is the Epstein-Barr virus transmitted?

A

transmitted via salivary exchange or blood transfusion

68
Q

in EBV, an overactive immune response

A

infectious mononucleosis

69
Q

in EBV, lack of effective immune response leads to

A

lymphoma

70
Q

acute self-limited illness usually in
nonimmune young adults

A

infectious mononucleosis glandular fever

71
Q

in most patients, _ is palpable and _ dysfunction is present

A

spleen, liver

72
Q

lymphoma-associated disorders

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
B-cell tumors in immunocompromised patients
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

73
Q

inaccessible to surgery or
chemotherapy

A

Nasopharyngeal
carcinoma

74
Q

aggressive B-cell lymphoma

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

75
Q

What is a recognized co-factor for Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

malaria

76
Q

clinical manifestations for EBV

A

fever
sore throat
lymphadenopathy (neck and armpits)

77
Q

detection of up to 30% _

A

morphologically atypical lymphocytes

78
Q

serological diagnosis of EBV

A

heterophile antibody testing, specific Ab testing

79
Q

there is a vaccine available for EBV

A

false, no vaccine

80
Q

treatment for EBV

A

supportive care

152 LE 5 (4 decks)

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