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152 LE 5 > HIV & HPV > Flashcards

HIV & HPV Flashcards

1
Q

HIV family

A

retroviridae

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2
Q

dsDNA is produced from RNA template thru

A

reverse transcriptase

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3
Q

Retroviridae subclasses

A

oncoretroviruses
lentiviruses

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4
Q

“slow”, persists in clinically latent state

A

lentiviruses

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5
Q

“tumor”, transforms cells

A

oncoretroviruses

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6
Q

HIV genome

A

diploid (+) ssRNA with NC protein

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7
Q

p24

A

icosahedral capside protein

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8
Q

p17

A

matrix protein

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9
Q

gp120

A

enveloped surface glycoprotein

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10
Q

gp41

A

transmembrane protein

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11
Q

susceptible host cells

A
  • CD4+ T lymphocytes
  • Monocytes/macrophages
  • Langerhans cells
    *Dendritic cells
  • Microglia/glial cells
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12
Q

absence of CCR5

A

natural immunity from HIV

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13
Q

HIV can be transmitted through

A

use of non-sterile syringes and tools
pregnancy breastfeeding
blood transfusion
organ transplant
unprotected sex

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14
Q

HIV can’t be transmitted through

A

food, drink, utensils
insect bites
kiss, touch
clothes, towels
toilet, shower

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15
Q

HIV clinical aspect

A

acute > decrease due to immune response and evasion > latency > reactivation due to stress or immunocompromised patient > virus expressed > symptoms

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16
Q

HIV clinical staging

A
  1. asymptomatic stage
  2. mildly symptomatic stage
  3. moderately symptomatic stage
  4. severely symptomatic stage
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17
Q

what stage:
severely immunocompromised state, TB, candidiasis, opportunistic infections

A

stage 3

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18
Q

what stage:
unexplained weight loss, RTI’s ulcerations

A

stage 2

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19
Q

HIV diagnosis

A

HIV Antigen/Antibody Combination Test: screening
Western blot: definitive
rRT-PCR Nucleic Acid Test

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20
Q

When you get a positive result after screening, you are referred for confirmation via ?

A

western blot

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21
Q

what does not rely on western blot results

A

Rapid HIV Diagnostic Algorithm

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22
Q

3 rapid tests

A

Serial Rapid HIV Testing

23
Q

_ and _ inhibitors block entry

A

CCR5, gp41

24
Q

enzyme inhibitors, primary targets

A

RT, IN, and protease inhibitors

25
Q

_ is targeted because it can target viral _, _ and _

A

replication, entry, maturation, replication

26
Q

pharmocokinetic enhancer which may be used in ART to increase its effectiveness

A

Cobicistat, Ritonavir

27
Q

Undetectable levels of viral load =

A

untransmittable

28
Q

HPV genome

A

dsDNA, circular

29
Q

HPV capsid

A

icosahedral

30
Q

L1 -
L2 -

A

major capsid protein
minor capsid protein

31
Q

There are no RNA or DNA polymerase in HPV, they are reliant on host polymerases

A

true

32
Q

late genes

A

L1, L2

33
Q

early genes

A

E1, E2, E4-7

34
Q

gene for viral release

A

E4

35
Q

gene that binds to p53, oncogenic protein

A

E6

36
Q

gene that bidns to pRB, retinoblastoma

A

E7

37
Q

gene for immune evasion

A

E5

38
Q

promoter, enhancer elements, viral ORI

A

URR

39
Q

HPV replication occurs in the

A

non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelia

40
Q

HPV targets transition from _ to _

A

stratified squamous to columnar cells

41
Q

virus entry commonly occurs when there is _ during _

A

abrasion, sexual intercourse

42
Q

clinical aspect of HPV is _ specific

A

genotype

43
Q

cutaneous, non-genital warts

A

HPV 1,2,3,4,7,10

44
Q

genital warts, low-risk of cancer

A

HPV 6 & 11

45
Q

genital warts, high-risk of cancer

A

HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45,
52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68

46
Q

HPV needs E6 and E7 genes to _ for its _ leading to _ cancer

A

stop cell cycle checkpoint, maturation, cervical

47
Q

HPV transmission

A

*skin-to-skin contact, contact with inanimate objects touched by
infected person
* any sexual contact
* perinatally

48
Q

HPV diagnosis

A

cell examination - pap smear
antigen immunoassay
om situ nucleic acid hybridization
HPV DNA PCR

49
Q

perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear enlargement

A

koilocytosis

50
Q

there are antivirals against HPV

A

false, no antivirals

51
Q

warts are treated through

A

cytotoxic agents (salicylic acid)
cautery/surgical removal

52
Q

type of vaccine for HPV prevention

A

recombinant virus-like particle vaccine

53
Q

vaccine schedule
school-aged children: _ doses
15 yr old above: _ doses

A

2
3

54
Q

only females are affected by HPV

A

false, males can be affected

152 LE 5 (4 decks)

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