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152 LE 5 > Brucella, Borrelia, Rickettsia > Flashcards

Brucella, Borrelia, Rickettsia Flashcards

1
Q

brucella is a gram- ?

A

negative coccobacilli

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2
Q

non-acid fast, nonmotile, noncapsulated, nonsporing

A

brucella

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3
Q

brucella is a _ pathogen affecting the _ system

A

intracellular, reticuloendothelial

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4
Q

brucella are _ aerobes

A

strict

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5
Q

optimum temp for brucella

A

37C (20-40C)

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6
Q

optimum pH for brucella

A

6.6 - 7.4

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7
Q

brucella culture characteristics

A

small, smooth, transparent, low convex

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8
Q

selective media for brucella

A

bacitracin
polymixin
cycloheximide

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9
Q

brucella antigenic structure and virulence

A

mucoid, smooth, rough types

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10
Q

brucella zoonotic species

A

B. melitensis
B. abortus
B. suis

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11
Q

Brucella is destroyed by heat at _C in _ mins. It is killed in milk by _

A

60C, 10 min, pasteurization

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12
Q

goats, sheep

A

B. melitensis

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13
Q

cows

A

B. abortus

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14
Q

pigs

A

B. suis

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15
Q

Brucella are insensitive to direct sunlight

A

false, sensitive

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16
Q

Brucella are very sensitive to acid

A

false, moderately sensitive
dies in cheese that undergone lactic acid fermentation

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17
Q

brucella can survive in _ for weeks or months

A

soil, manure, dust

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18
Q

brucella is sensitive to which disinfectants

A

ampicillin
co-amoxiclav
cephalosporins
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
chloramphenicol
ciprofloxacin
sulphonamide
cotrimoxazole
relatively sensitive: vancomycin,
nalidixic acid, polymixins

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19
Q

person to person spread does not usually occur for brucella

A

true

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20
Q

modes of infection for brucella

A

ingestion
contact
inhalation

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21
Q

brucella modes of infection: contact with _

A

carcass
vaginal discharge
urine
manure

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21
Q

brucella is common during _ season

A

calving

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22
Q

brucella occupational hazards

A

agricultural workers
veterinarians
butchers
animal handlers
occupations involving handling of animals and raw animal carcasses

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23
Q

brucella affects the _ system, specifically the _ cells

A

reticuloendothelial, phagocytic

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24
Q

other sites of infection for brucella

A

subcutaneous tissues
testes
epididymis
ovary
gallbladder
kidneys
brain

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25
Q

growth factors for brucella

A

erythritol

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26
Q

what contains erythritol

A

placentas and fetal membranes of cattle, swine, sheep, goats

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27
Q

human placentas have erythritol

A

false, no

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28
Q

erythritol leads to

A

placentitis and abortion

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29
Q

brucella acute infection are also known as

A

undulant or malta fever

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30
Q

acute infections are due to the species

A

B. melitensis

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31
Q

periodic nocturnal fever occurring over weeks, months or years

A

malta fever

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32
Q

detectable only by serological tests

A

brucella latent or subclinical human infections

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33
Q

low-grade infection with periodic exacerbations

A

brucella chronic human infection

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34
Q

brucella acute human infections lead to prolonged _ and _

A

bacteremia, irregular fever

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35
Q

clinical manifestations of chronic brucella human infection

A

sweating, lassitude, joint pains with minimal or
no pyrexia

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35
Q

in acute brucella human infections, fever is usually in the _ and accompanied by _

A

afternoon, drenching sweat

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35
Q

In _, almost all human infections are due to B. _

A

India, melitensis

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35
Q

complications of acute human infections

A

debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders (bone or joint infection, endocarditis)

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36
Q

brucella is highly endemic in

A

Mediterranean basin, Middle East, Western Asia, Africa, Latin America

37
Q

lab diagnosis for brucella

A

blood culture
serological
PCR
Castaneda’s method of blood culture
Brucellin Skin Test

38
Q

liquid and solid media in the same bottle

A

Castadena’s method of blood culture

39
Q

hypersensitivity test, not useful in acute brucellosis

A

Brucellin Skin Test

40
Q

most definitive lab diagnosis for Brucella

A

blood culture

41
Q

methods of detection of animal infection

A

rose bengal card test
milk ring test

42
Q

treatment of brucella

A

combination of streptomycin or gentamicin and tetracycline or rifampicin and doxycycline

43
Q

for mild cases of brucella

A

tetracycline

44
Q

for children with brucella

A

co-trimoxazole and rifampicin

45
Q

prevention of brucella

A

animal surveillance
pasteurization
vaccine

46
Q

human vaccination is not recommended for the prevention of brucella

A

true

47
Q

vaccine against brucella:

A

B. abortus strain S19
B. melitensis Rev I
B. suis strain 2 (China)

48
Q

borrelia morphology

A

large, motile, refractile spirochetes with irregular, wide-open, loose coils

49
Q

gram-negative, motile

A

borrelia

50
Q

borrelia have _ at intervals of 2um with _ ends

A

5-8 regular spirals, pointed

51
Q

borrelia species are _ on the _ and _ mucosa

A

commensals, buccal, genital

52
Q

relapsing fever

A

B. recurrentis

53
Q

fusospriochetosis

A

B. vincentii

54
Q

Lyme disease

A

B. budgorferi

55
Q

cultural characteristics of borrelia

A

microaerophilic fastidious

56
Q

borrelia optimum temp

A

28-30C

57
Q

borrelia medium

A

Noguchi’s medium, chorioallantoic membrane of
chick embryos, mice or rats intraperitoneally

58
Q

ultimate recovery is
attributed to

A

immunity to all
antigenic variants

59
Q

borrelia undergo several antigenically distinct variations within a given host leading to

A

relapse

60
Q

antigenic variations are caused by

A

DNA arrangement in linear plasmids

61
Q

borrelia burgdorferi aka

A

lyme disease

62
Q

lyme disease is transmitted by

A

Ixodid ticks (regurgitation
of gut contents during feeding)

63
Q

B. burgdorferi can be grown in modified _

A

Kelly’s (BSK) medium

64
Q

USA: I. _ , I. _
Europe: I. _

A

dammini, pacificus
ricinus

65
Q

stages of pathogenesis for borrelia

A
  1. localized infection
  2. disseminated infection
  3. persistent infections
66
Q

localized infections show was symptoms

A

small red macule or papule

67
Q

Lab Diagnosis of borrelia

A

isolation
serology

68
Q

treatment for borrelia

A

penicillins
newer macrolides
cephalosporins
tetracyclines

69
Q

gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacilli, non motile, noncapsulated

A

rickettsia spp.

70
Q

strict intracellular parasites

A

rickettsia spp.

71
Q

rickettsia stain _ in the Giemsa stain

A

bluis

72
Q

layers of rickettsia under the electron microscope

A

3-layered cell wall
trilaminar plasma membrane
outer slime layer

73
Q

optimum temp of rickettsia

A

32-35C

74
Q

pathogenesis of rickettsia

A

bite or feces > entry of bacteria > localization in vascular endothelium > enlarge, degenerate > thrombus

75
Q

rickettsia is resistant to

A

penicillin and sulfonamides

76
Q

antigenic structure of rickettsia

A
  1. Grp-specific soluble Ag (surface)
    2.Spp-specific soluble Ag (body)
    3.Alkali stable polysacharide
77
Q

rickettsia can survive outside of host or vector for long periods of time

A

false, short period only

78
Q

typhus fever group consists of:

A

epidemic typhus
brill-zinsser disease
endemic typhus

79
Q

epidemic typhus is caused by the species

A

R. prowazekii

80
Q

epidemic typhus principal reservoir

A

pediculus humanus corporis

81
Q

epidemic typhus primary reservoir

A

humans

82
Q

hallmark clinical manifestations of epidemic typhus

A

skin rash (4-7d) on the trunk then extremeties

83
Q

Brill-Zinsser Disease is also called

A

recrudescent typhus

84
Q

latent in the lymphoid tissue or organs, mild illness, low case fatality

A

recrudescent typhus

85
Q

endemic typhus is caused by the species

A

R. typhi (R. mooseri)

86
Q

infected by contamination of abraded skin, respiratory tract or conjunctva with infected flea feces

A

endemic typhus

87
Q

in endemic typhus, humans are _ hosts

A

accidental

88
Q

in endemic typhus, human infection is a dead end

A

true

89
Q

man-to-man transmission occurs in endemic tyohus

A

false

90
Q

endemic typhus is common in _ areas

A

rat-infested

91
Q

principal reservoir of endemic typhus

A

Xenopsylla cheopsis

92
Q

primary reservoir of endemic typhus

A

rodents

93
Q

the spotted fever group is transmitted by _ except for _

A

ticks, R. akari

94
Q
A

152 LE 5 (4 decks)

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