Lymphatic System Lab

Question 1

Lymphatic capillaries

Answer 1

Small, close ended vessels that absorb interstitial fluid, slightly larger than blood capillaries. They are interspersed around most blood capillaries but are absent in a vascular tissue, red marrow, spleen and CNS

Question 2

Lacteals

Answer 2

Lymphatic capillaries in GI tract; absorb lipid soluble substances from GI

Question 3

Movement of lymph into lymphatic capillaries

Answer 3

Hydrostatic pressure of IF pushes it into capillaries. Lymph moves through vessels of larger and larger size, returns to blood circulation.

Goes from…
Lymphatic capillaries —> lymphatic vessels —> lymphatic trunks —> lymphatic ducts

Question 4

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 4

Fed by lymphatic capillaries and are located adjacent to arteries and veins. Have intima, media, and external tunicas. Have valves preventing back flow of lymph and does not have pump so it moves lymph using skeletal muscles and respiratory pumps. Some connect to lymph nodes for filtration.

Question 5

Lymphatic trunks

Answer 5

Fed by lymphatic vessels. 5 types…
Jugular trunks: drain lymph from head and neck
Subclavian: drain upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thoracic wall
Bronchiomediastinal: drains deep thoracic structures
Intestinal: drains most abdominal structures
Lumbar: drains lower limbs, abdominopelvic wall and pelvic organs

Question 6

Lymphatic ducts

Answer 6

Fed by lymphatic trunks and brings lymph to venous blood circulation. 2 ducts; right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Question 7

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 7

Near right clavicle and drains upper right quadrant of body. Delivers lymph to junction of right subclavian and right internal jugular veins

Question 8

Thoracic duct

Answer 8

Largest lymphatic vessel that runs from diaphragm to junction of left subclavian and jugular veins. Has saclike cisterna chyli at its base that receives lipid rich chyle from GI tract. Drain lower body and upper left quadrant.

Question 9

Red bone marrow

Answer 9

Site of hemopoesis: production of bloods formed elements which include t&b lymphocytes

Question 10

Thymus

Answer 10

Involved in t lymphocyte maturation. Regresses in adults

Question 11

Lymph nodes

Answer 11

filter lymph, remove unwanted substances. They are small, encapsulated ovals that are located along lymph vessels. Occur in clusters receiving lymph from body regions

Question 12

Cervical lymph nodes

Answer 12

Receive lymph from neck, head

Question 13

Axillary lymph nodes

Answer 13

Receive lymph from breast, axilla, and upper limb

Question 14

Inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 14

In groin; receive lymph from lower limb and pelvis

Question 15

Afferent lymphatic vessel

Answer 15

Bring lymph to node

Question 16

Efferent lymphatic vessel

Answer 16

Drains a lymph node; located in hilum

Question 17

Trabeculae

Answer 17

Subdivide node into compartments

Question 18

Lymph flow through nodes

Answer 18

Enters through several afferent vessels and pushes through node to efferent vessel. While being pushed, macrophages remove debris and lymphocytes can initiate immune response enlarging lymph nodes.

Question 19

Spleen

Answer 19

Largest lymphatic organ, in LUQ. Lateral to left kidney and posterolateral to stomach.
Posterolateral side is convex and round
Anteromedial border is concave.
Surrounded by ct capsule, trabeculae extend from cortex and section off cortex

Question 20

Hilum of spleen

Answer 20

Indentation where blood vessels and nerves enter/exit. Splenic artery supplies blood, splenic vein drains it

Question 21

Spleen monitoring blood

Answer 21

Spleen filters and monitors blood for foreign materials and bacteria. Macrophages in sinusoids phagocytize bacteria, debris, defective RBC and platelets. Also store erythrocytes and platelets.

Path of flow: splenic artery, sinusoids, venules, splenic vein

Question 22

Tonsils

Answer 22

3 types
Pharyngeal tonsil: in nasopharynx and called adenoids when enlarged
Palatine tonsils: in posterolateral oral cavity
Lingual tonsils: along posterior third of tongue

Question 23

Lymphatic nodules

Answer 23

Clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular matrix. not completely surrounded by connective tissue capsule and is found in all body organs. Help defend against infection.

Question 24

Scattered lymphatic nodules are termed

Answer 24

Diffused lymphatic tissue. In some areas, they group together to form larger structures

Question 25

MALT

Answer 25

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue. Located in gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts. Prominent in small intestines, especially ileum

Question 26

Peyer patches

Answer 26

Large collections of lymphatic nodules