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Internal Med.: Module 4 > lymphatic System > Flashcards

lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

A one-way regional system responsible for carrying this capillary ultrafiltrate fluid volume and the escaped plasma proteins# back to the blood circulation; A pressure-driven system based on the principles of osmotic diuresis.

A

Lymphatic system

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2
Q

List the 4 functions of the lymphatic system

A
  • Absorb macromolecules (protein and fatty acids).
  • Help maintain fluid balance in the tissues.
  • Fight infection
  • Assist in the removal of cellular debris and waste products from the extracellular
    spaces
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3
Q

List the lymphatic organs and tissues

A
  • Thymus
  • Bone marrow
  • Spleen
  • Tonsils
  • Peyer patches of the small
    intestine
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4
Q

Left upper extremity, left thoracic lymphotome, and both lower extremities, external genital areas, and abdominal lymphotomes drain into the left
____

A

Subclavian vein

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5
Q

Right upper extremity and thoracic lymphotome drain into the right ____

A

Lymphatic duct

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6
Q

Deeper vessels, which generally parallel the venous system, contain ___ muscle and valves and help prevent backflow.

A

Smooth

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7
Q

Do superficial or deep lymph vessels rely on: an interaction of oncotic and hydrostatic pressures, muscle contraction, arterial pulsation, and gentle movement of the skin to absorb and transport lymph fluid

A

Superficial

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8
Q

The smallest lymphatic vessels that have walls that are one cell thick

A

Initial lymphatics (lymphatic capillaries)

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9
Q

Lymphatic capillaries function as force pumps; Without changes in _______, these force pumps cannot function,
and fluid will accumulate in the interstitium, leading to edema

A

Total tissue pressure

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10
Q

Function as force pumps powered by variations in total tissue pressure caused by movement; muscular contraction; and variations in external
pressure caused by stretch, gravity, change in position, and other similar factors.

A

Initial lymphatics (lymphatic capillaries)

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11
Q

each segment of collecting lymphatic vessels between valves

A

Lymphangion

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12
Q

Extrinsic muscle contraction, autonomic stimulation, or ________ also increases the pumping action of lymphatic valves

A

manual lymphatic drainage (MLD)

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13
Q

gradual increase in diameter size of collecting
lymphatics.

A

Lymph trunks

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14
Q

Smooth muscle cells around the endothelial cell layer of lymph vessels are innervated by the ANS and contract at rest an average of _____ times per MINUTE

A

5-10

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15
Q

If many lymphangions contract at once and outflow is obstructed (e.g., by scarred or irradiated lymph nodal areas), pressure inside the vessel can reach ____ mm Hg or more

A

100

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16
Q

What happens if the lymph vessels sustain high intravascular pressure

A

Ineffective smooth muscle contraction and Vessel failure

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17
Q

The deep lymphatic vessels are embedded in ___ tissue and accompany the chains of lymph nodes along the blood vessels. (This is why blood vessel injury implies lymph vessel injury)

A

Fatty

18
Q

List the functions of lymph nodes (4)

A
  • Act as filters to cleanse the lymph of waste products and cellular debris.
  • Adjust the fluid concentration.
  • Produce lymphocytes and macrophages.
  • Destroy foreign bacteria, harmful viruses, and cancer cells.
19
Q

Why are lymph nodes often the sites of obstruction in lymphatic dysfunction?

A

Lymph nodes offer 100 times the normal resistance to flow of lymph within the
lymphatic vessels themselves.

20
Q

List the 4 trunk quadrants

A

The left and right axillary and the right and left inguinal

21
Q

Abnormal lymph nodes include: Changes in size (>__ cm) of lymph nodes, immobile lymph nodes, and firm or hard lymph nodes in one or more areas or the presence of painless enlarged
lymph nodes

A

> 2 cm

22
Q

inflammation of a lymphatic vessel

A

Lymphangitis

23
Q

inflammation of one or more lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenitis

24
Q

an increased amount of lymph fluid in the soft tissues

A

Lymphedema

25
Q

enlargement of the lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenopathy

26
Q

Lymph nodes act as defense barriers and are secondarily involved in virtually all systemic infections and in many ____ disorders arising elsewhere in the body

A

Neoplastic

27
Q

A swelling of the soft tissues that results from the accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the extracellular spaces.

A

Lymphedema

28
Q

Where is lymphedema most commonly seen

A

Upper and lower extremities

29
Q

Lumpectomy of axillary lymph node, sentinel lymph node, inguinal lymph node, and pelvic node can result in ____

A

Lymphedema

30
Q

List the 6 etiologic factors of lymphedema

A

Unknown, hereditary, developmental abnormality, aphasia, hypoplasia, hyperplasia

31
Q

The most common cause of secondary lymphedema worldwide: parasitic worm, introduced to the body by a mosquito bite in endemic regions.

A

Filariasis

32
Q

What is the most common cause of secondary lymphedema in the US

A

Invasive procedures used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer

33
Q

True or false:
Trauma, surgery, bacterial or viral infection, and repeated pregnancies can result in secondary lymphedema

A

True

34
Q

Lymphedema can ____ flexibility in the hand, wrist, or ankle

A

Decrease

35
Q

What type of sensation may a patient experience with lymphedema

A

A full, heavy, or tight sensation in affected body part or Numbness, burning, aching, pain

36
Q

Lymphedema can result in a loss of skin integrity which increases the risk of

A

Infection

37
Q

Significant edema of the ____ and ___ can cause severe functional impairments in speech, swallowing, and respiration

A

Head and neck

38
Q

Physical impairments due to lymphedema can lead to functional limitations and potential for ___ morbidity

A

Psychosocial

39
Q

When there’s infections elsewhere in the body it can lead to ____

A

Lymphadenopathy

40
Q

Chronic or acute lymphadenitis: lymph nodes are enlarged, red, tender, warm

A

Acute lympadenitis

41
Q

Chronic or acute lymphadenitis: results in scared lymph nodes with fibrous connective tissue replacement

A

Chronic

42
Q

Acute inflammation of the subcutaneous lymphatic channels usually occurs due to ___ or ___ entering a wound

A

Streptococci or staphylococci

Internal Med.: Module 4 (4 decks)

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