lymphatic System Flashcards
A one-way regional system responsible for carrying this capillary ultrafiltrate fluid volume and the escaped plasma proteins# back to the blood circulation; A pressure-driven system based on the principles of osmotic diuresis.
Lymphatic system
List the 4 functions of the lymphatic system
- Absorb macromolecules (protein and fatty acids).
- Help maintain fluid balance in the tissues.
- Fight infection
- Assist in the removal of cellular debris and waste products from the extracellular
spaces
List the lymphatic organs and tissues
- Thymus
- Bone marrow
- Spleen
- Tonsils
- Peyer patches of the small
intestine
Left upper extremity, left thoracic lymphotome, and both lower extremities, external genital areas, and abdominal lymphotomes drain into the left
____
Subclavian vein
Right upper extremity and thoracic lymphotome drain into the right ____
Lymphatic duct
Deeper vessels, which generally parallel the venous system, contain ___ muscle and valves and help prevent backflow.
Smooth
Do superficial or deep lymph vessels rely on: an interaction of oncotic and hydrostatic pressures, muscle contraction, arterial pulsation, and gentle movement of the skin to absorb and transport lymph fluid
Superficial
The smallest lymphatic vessels that have walls that are one cell thick
Initial lymphatics (lymphatic capillaries)
Lymphatic capillaries function as force pumps; Without changes in _______, these force pumps cannot function,
and fluid will accumulate in the interstitium, leading to edema
Total tissue pressure
Function as force pumps powered by variations in total tissue pressure caused by movement; muscular contraction; and variations in external
pressure caused by stretch, gravity, change in position, and other similar factors.
Initial lymphatics (lymphatic capillaries)
each segment of collecting lymphatic vessels between valves
Lymphangion
Extrinsic muscle contraction, autonomic stimulation, or ________ also increases the pumping action of lymphatic valves
manual lymphatic drainage (MLD)
gradual increase in diameter size of collecting
lymphatics.
Lymph trunks
Smooth muscle cells around the endothelial cell layer of lymph vessels are innervated by the ANS and contract at rest an average of _____ times per MINUTE
5-10
If many lymphangions contract at once and outflow is obstructed (e.g., by scarred or irradiated lymph nodal areas), pressure inside the vessel can reach ____ mm Hg or more
100
What happens if the lymph vessels sustain high intravascular pressure
Ineffective smooth muscle contraction and Vessel failure
The deep lymphatic vessels are embedded in ___ tissue and accompany the chains of lymph nodes along the blood vessels. (This is why blood vessel injury implies lymph vessel injury)
Fatty
List the functions of lymph nodes (4)
- Act as filters to cleanse the lymph of waste products and cellular debris.
- Adjust the fluid concentration.
- Produce lymphocytes and macrophages.
- Destroy foreign bacteria, harmful viruses, and cancer cells.
Why are lymph nodes often the sites of obstruction in lymphatic dysfunction?
Lymph nodes offer 100 times the normal resistance to flow of lymph within the
lymphatic vessels themselves.
List the 4 trunk quadrants
The left and right axillary and the right and left inguinal
Abnormal lymph nodes include: Changes in size (>__ cm) of lymph nodes, immobile lymph nodes, and firm or hard lymph nodes in one or more areas or the presence of painless enlarged
lymph nodes
> 2 cm
inflammation of a lymphatic vessel
Lymphangitis
inflammation of one or more lymph nodes
Lymphadenitis
an increased amount of lymph fluid in the soft tissues
Lymphedema
