Hematologic System

Question 1

The branch of science that studies the form, structure, and function of blood and
blood-forming tissues.

Answer 1

Hematology

Question 2

The hematologic system is integrated with the ___ and ___
systems

Answer 2

Lymphatic and immune

Question 3

Function of hematologic system: Delivery of these formed elements throughout the body tissues is necessary for cellular metabolism, defense against injury and invading microorganisms, and ____ balance

Answer 3

Acid-base

Question 4

Disruption of the
hematologic system
results in ___
disorders as well as signs
and symptoms noted in
the hematologic tissues
themselves

Answer 4

Circulatory

Question 5

The accumulation of excessive fluid within the interstitial tissues or within body cavities.

Answer 5

Edema

Question 6

A localized region of necrosis caused by reduction of arterial perfusion below a level required
for cell viability.

Answer 6

Infarction

Question 7

A mass of solid, liquid, or gas that moves within a blood vessel to lodge at a site distant from its
place of origin

Answer 7

Embolus

Question 8

List the common clinical signs of shock

Answer 8

Tachycardia, tachypnea, cool extremities, decreased pulses, decreased urine
output, and altered mental status

Question 9

____ are typically “rubbery” in feel,
unattached to surrounding tissue (mobile), and
small (usually less than 1 cm)

Answer 9

Lymph nodes

Question 10

Enlargement of the spleen; presents in many hematologic diseases

Answer 10

Splenomegaly

Question 11

the
percentage of the
marrow space occupied
by hematopoietic
(blood-forming) tissue
___ progressively with age

Answer 11

Declines

Question 12

Von willebrand disease, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia are all examples of what type of disorders

Answer 12

Disorders of hemostasis

Question 13

A pathologic state or a symptom of many other diseases resulting in a reduction of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood from an abnormality in the quantity or quality of RBCs

Answer 13

Anemia

Question 14

What are the three main causes of anemia

Answer 14

Excessive blood loss, increased destruction of erythrocytes, and decreased production of erythrocytes

Question 15

Slow and chronic GI blood loss from medication can cause anemia; can aspirin and NSAIDs cause this?

Answer 15

YES

Question 16

A hormone produced in the kidney that stimulates production and maturation of RBCs

Answer 16

Erythropoietin

Question 17

3 common nutritional deficiencies that decrease the production of erythrocytes causing anemia

Answer 17

Iron, vitamin B12, and folate

Question 18

A symptom of moderate anemia resulting in “ spoon nail”

Answer 18

Koilonychia

Question 19

What is a common symptom of anemia that is important in physical therapy (can result from B12 deficiency)

Answer 19

Peripheral neuropathies

Question 20

Anemia in the presence of a coronary obstruction precipitates cardiac ischemia and is a risk factor for ____

Answer 20

Heart attack

Question 21

CNS manifestations of anemia range from mild cognitive changes to ___ to frank psychosis

Answer 21

Dementia

Question 22

List the 7 reasons for decreased production of RBC

Answer 22

Lack of erythropoietin, inability of bone marrow to respond to erythropoietin and make RBCs, nutritional deficiency, anemia of chronic disease (ACD), chronic kidney disease, bone marrow disorders, and radiation-induced bone marrow failure

Question 23

Known as the amount of new RBCs

Answer 23

Reticulocyte

Question 24

____ is the arrest of bleeding after blood vessel injury and
involves the interaction among the blood vessel wall, the platelets,
and the plasma coagulation proteins.

Answer 24

Hemostasis

Question 25

Plasma protein that mediates the initial adhesion of platelets at sites of bleeding injuries.

Answer 25

von Willebrand factor (VWF)

Question 26

Binds and stabilizes blood clotting factor VIII in the circulation

Answer 26

Binds and stabilizes blood clotting factor VIII in the circulation

Question 27

___ hemostasis involves the formation of a platelet plug at the site of vascular injury.

Answer 27

Primary

Question 28

Primary hemostasis requires normal number and function of platelets and ____

Answer 28

von Willebrand factor (VWF)

Question 29

A decrease in the number of platelets.

Answer 29

Thrombocytopenia

Question 30

Bleeding caused by platelet disorders or VWD is characterized by:

Answer 30

Easy bruising or mucosal bleeding

Question 31

Thrombocytopenia is a decrease in platelet blood count below ____ /µL of blood

Answer 31

150,000

Question 32

What is the MAIN symptom of thrombocytopenia

Answer 32

Mucosal bleeding

Question 33

List the common causes of thrombocytopenia

Answer 33

inadequate platelet production from the bone marrow, increased platelet destruction outside the bone marrow, or splenic sequestration. (Medications/supplements)

Question 34

___ hemostasis is triggered when vascular damage exposes tissue factor

Answer 34

Secondary

Question 35

Defects in ___ hemostasis result from clotting factor deficiencies or dysfunction, such as those seen in hemophilias A and B.

Answer 35

Secondary

Question 36

Persons with abnormalities in ___ hemostasis tend to have more serious bleeding, such as deep muscle hematomas and spontaneous hemarthrosis

Answer 36

Secondary

Question 37

A bleeding disorder inherited as an X-linked autosomal recessive trait

Answer 37

Hemophilias

Question 38

What is the normal concentration of coagulation factors

Answer 38

50-150%

Question 39

Hemophilia A is a lack of clotting factor ___

Answer 39

Factor VIII

Question 40

Hemophilia B is a lack of clotting factor __

Answer 40

factor IX

Question 41

___% of people with hemophilias have hemophilia A

Answer 41

80%

Question 42

People with ___ hemophilia may bleed spontaneously or with only slight trauma, particularly into the joints and deep muscle.

Answer 42

Severe

Question 43

___% of people with hemophilia have severe hemophilia

Answer 43

60%

Question 44

Spontaneous hemorrhage is not usually a problem, but major bleeding episodes can occur after minor trauma in people with ___ hemophilia (15% of all people with hemophilia)

Answer 44

Moderate

Question 45

Severe hemophilia concentration of coagulation factors

Answer 45

< 1%

Question 46

Severe hemophilia concentration of coagulation factors

Answer 46

< 1%