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Internal Med.: Module 4 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body; about 15-20% of the body weight

A

Skin

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2
Q

What is the overall primary function of the skin

A

To protect underlying structures from external injury and harmful substances

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3
Q

List all of the functions of the skin outside of protecting underlying structures from injury

A

Holding organs together, sensory perception, contributing to fluid balance, controlling temperature, absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation, metabolizing vitamin D, and synthesizing epidermal lipids

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4
Q

A primary lesion is the first lesion to appear on the skin and has a visually recognizable structure. List the types of primary lesion

A

Macule, papule, plaque, nodule, tumor, wheal, vesicle, pustule

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5
Q

List the types of secondary lesions

A

Scale, crust, thickening, erosion, ulcer, scar, excoriation, fissure, atrophy

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6
Q

What things affect the progression of a skin lesion to an open wound and pts ability to heal

A

Tobacco use, psychosocial status, and nutritional status

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7
Q

List the lab values that are important in wound healing

A

Prealbumin (indicate nutritional status), glucose, hemoglobin, and hematocrit (monitor wound healing)

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8
Q

Women may experience ___ after menopause

A

Balding

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9
Q

Hyperpigmentation of the cheeks and forehead known as ___ or ___ may result from the use of birth control pills or pregnancy

A

Melisma or pregnancy mask

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10
Q

With aging the skin undergoes structural and functional changes resulting in:

A

 Diminished pain perception
 Increased vulnerability to injury
 Decreased vascularity
 Weakened inflammatory response

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11
Q

The decrease in blood vessels within the reticular dermis compromises blood flow inhibiting what ability in older patients

A

Thermoregulation

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12
Q

A primary factor in the loss of protective functions of the skin is the
diminished barrier function of the ____

A

Stratum corneum

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13
Q

With aging the skin has fewer ___ , resulting in decreased protection against UV
radiation

A

Melanocytes

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14
Q

Aging affect on integumentary system: A reduction in ___ cells represents a loss of immune surveillance and an increased risk of skin cancer.

A

Langerhans

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15
Q

The epidermis is one of the body’s principal suppliers of ___

A

Vitamin D

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16
Q

Aging contributes to vitamin __ deficiency, which plays a role in bone mass and thus is linked to osteoporosis

A

Vitamin D

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17
Q

The skin is rich in ___, ____, and DNA, all of which are extremely sensitive to the oxidation damage or process.

A

Lipids, proteins

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18
Q

What 4 types of infections can infect the skin

A

Bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections

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19
Q

Impetigo and cellulitis are what types of skin infections

A

Bacterial

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20
Q

Herpes zoster and warts are what types of skin infections

A

Viral infections

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21
Q

Ringworm (tinea corporis), athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), yeast (candidiasis) are what types of skin infections

A

Fungal infections

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22
Q

Scabies and pediculosis (lousiness) are what types of skin infections

A

Parasitic infection

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23
Q

What type of cancerous lesions are the following: seborrheic keratosis and Nevi (moles)

A

Benign lesions

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24
Q

What type of cancerous lesions are the following: Actinic Keratosis and Bowen Disease

A

Premalignant lesions

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25
Q

What type of cancerous lesions are the following: basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

A

Malignant nonmelanoma carcinomas

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26
Q

List 4 skins disorders associated with immune dysfunction

A

Psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, system sclerosis, polymyositis and dermatomyositis

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27
Q

Injuries that result from direct contact with or exposure to any thermal,
chemical, electrical, or radiation source.

A

Burns

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28
Q

Depth of burn and total body surface of area involved in the burn are important in assessment of burns; what other factors are important

A

burn location, age of the patient, general health status, risk of infection, and presence of inhalation injury

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29
Q

What type of burn has little to no pain

A

3rd and 4th degree (subcutaneous tissue)

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30
Q

How long does it take for the superficial partial-thickness burn of the dermis to heal

A

14-21 days

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31
Q

How long does it take for the deep partial-thickness burn of the dermis to heal

A

21-28 days

32
Q

What degree burn has the following appearance: large thick-walled blisters covering extensive area (vesiculation), edema, mottled red base, broken epidermis; wet, shiny, weeping surface

A

2nd degree

33
Q

What type of burn is painful, hyperesthetic, tingling, and the pain is eased by cooling

A

First degree

34
Q

What type of burn is painful and sensitive to cold air

A

2nd degree

35
Q

Discomfort from a first degree burn last about ___

A

48 hours

36
Q

Burn that is characterized by dry surface, edema, fat exposed, tissue disrupted

A

3rd degree

37
Q

A method used by medical professionals to estimate the percentage of a burn patient’s body that is affected

A

Wallace rule of nines

38
Q

Burns that affect more than ____ % of the body’s surface area usually require significant intravenous (IV) fluids

A

20-25%

39
Q

What two methods are used to assess TBSA in burns

A

Wallace rule of nines; Lund and Browder Method

40
Q

___ % of burn patients admitted are males

A

68%

41
Q

___% of burns occur at home

A

73%

42
Q

____ burns account for 75% of all burn center admissions (43% flame or fire; 34% scalding)

A

Thermal

43
Q

What major systems are affected by burns

A

Cardiovascular, renal, GI, and immune

44
Q

With burns the cardiovascular system is affected by vasoactive substances released from injured tissue which causes ____ in capillary permeability

A

Increase

45
Q

What vasoactive substances are released from burned tissue causing an increase in capillary permeability

A

catecholamines, histamine, serotonin, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins

46
Q

Extensive burns result in generalized body ___ in both burned and nonburned tissues and a decrease in circulating intravascular blood volume

A

Edema

47
Q

Which of the following is not true of the cardiovascular system after a burn:
A. Long lasting decrease in cardiac output
B. Increase in heart rate due to catecholamine release and hypovolemia
C. Increase in capillary permeability
D. Body edema and decrease in circulating intravascular blood volume

A

A. Long lasting decrease in cardiac output (cardiac output initially decreases but returns to normal then increases about 24 hours after burn occurs to meet increased metabolic needs of body)

48
Q

a condition that occurs when your body loses fluid, like blood or water; can result from a burn

A

Hypovolemia

49
Q

Decreased urine output

A

Oliguira

50
Q

The body initially responds to burns by shunting blood from the ___ and ___

A

Kidneys and intestines

51
Q

With electrical burns, entrance wounds are ___ compared to the exit wound

A

Smaller

52
Q

Is alternating or direct current more dangerous and often associated with cardiopulmonary arrest, ventricular fibrillation, and tetanic muscles contractions

A

Alternating current

53
Q

Circumferential burns may produce a tourniquet-like effect and lead to ____ or total occlusion of circulation

A

Compartment syndrome

54
Q

In most full-thickness burns the nerves endings are destroyed making it painless; as the peripheral nerves regenerate will the patient experience pain

A

Yes

55
Q

What is the most common and life-threatening complication of burn injuries

A

Infections

56
Q

Complications of burns due to inhalation injury that increases the risk of mortality

A

Respiratory failure, pneumonia, and sepsis

57
Q

What are the three phases for a patient admitted with a major burn

A

Emergent phase, acute phase, and rehabilitative phase

58
Q

Phase of burn treatment characterized by Fluid resuscitation, ventilatory management, assessment of the extent of the burn,
and early wound management

A

Emergent phase

59
Q

Phase of burn treatment characterized by:

 Burn wounds management and infection prevention
 Debridement and skin grafting
 Physical therap

A

Acute phase

60
Q

Phase of burn treatment characterized by: return to maximal independence and function

A

Rehabilitative phase

61
Q

Autograft is used to treat a ___ -thickness burn and permanently close the burn injury

A

Full-thickness

62
Q

Graft for burn injuries using pig skin

A

Xenografts

63
Q

Burn graft consisting of a combination of collagen and synthetics

A

Biosynthetic grafts

64
Q

Burn graft using cadaver skin

A

Allografts

65
Q

Neuropathic ulcers may be classified using the ___; or, by the site, ischemia, neuropathy, bacterial infection, area, and depth score (SINBAD)

A

Wagner system

66
Q

What three factors are the classic determinants of burn mortality

A

TBSA, age, and inhalation injury

67
Q

Factors such as ___, ___, and cardiac disorders that impair peripheral
circulation (e.g., peripheral vascular disease) further complicate burn recovery
and increase mortality rates in adults

A

Obesity and alcoholism

68
Q

Skin disorder caused by a variety of underlying disorders, including neuropathy,
vascular insufficiency, radiation, systemic sclerosis (SSc), vasculitis, and
prolonged pressure

A

Integumentary ulcers

69
Q

List the areas typically affected by pressure injuries

A

Heels, sacrum, ischial tuberosities, greater trochanters, elbows, and scapula or
under medical devices

70
Q

What stage pressure injury is classified by Nonblanchable Erythema of Intact Skin

A

Stage 1

71
Q

What stage pressure injury is classified by Partial-Thickness Skin Loss With Exposed Dermis

A

Stage 2

72
Q

What stage pressure injury is classified by Full-Thickness Skin Loss

A

Stage 3

73
Q

What stage pressure injury is classified by Full-Thickness Skin and Tissue Loss

A

Stage 4

74
Q

An unstageable pressure injury is characterized by:

A

Obscured full-thickness skin and tissue loss

75
Q

Pressure injury characterized by persistent nonblanchable deep red, maroon, or purple discoloration

A

Deep tissue

76
Q

True or false: Once a pressure injury is designated as stage 2, 3, or 4 it will retain this original classification until it has resolved

A

True

Internal Med.: Module 4 (4 decks)

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