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Internal Med.: Module 4 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

-pril
Primary indication

A

Antihypertensive, congestive heart failure

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2
Q

Suffix for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A

-pril

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3
Q

Suffix for angiotensin-II receptor blockers

A

-sartan

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4
Q

Suffix for beta blockers

A

-olol

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5
Q

Suffix for calcium channel blockers

A

-Ipine

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6
Q

suffix for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

-statin

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7
Q

Hypertension known as idiopathic hypertension and accounts for 90%-95% of all cases of hypertension

A

Primary hypertension

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8
Q

Type of hypertension that accounts for only 5%-10% of cases and results from an identifiable cause

A

Secondary hypertension

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9
Q

A syndrome of markedly elevated blood pressure (DBP>125 mmHg) with target organ damage

A

Malignant hypertension

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10
Q

List the modifiable risk factors of primary hypertension

A

High sodium intake, obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and increased serum triglyceride levels, smoking, long-term abuse of alcohol, continuous emotional stress, personality traits, sedentary lifestyle, white coat hypertension, hormonal status

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11
Q

List the nonmodifiable risk factors for primary hypertension

A

Positive family history of cardiovascular disease, age (>55 years), gender, ethnicity

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12
Q

Myocardial cell death due to prolonged ischemia

A

Myocardial infarction

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13
Q

MI type ___ develops due to
a mismatch between
oxygen supply and
demand by myocardial
tissue; no atherosclerotic
plaque disruption occurs.

A

2

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14
Q

MI type __ is caused by
CAD and is triggered by
the atherosclerotic
plaque disruption (rupture
or erosion).

A

1

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15
Q

A complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional
impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood

A

Heart failure

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16
Q

Condition in which: A decrease of 20 mm Hg or greater in SBP or a
drop of 10 mm Hg or more in both systolic and
diastolic arterial blood pressure with a
concomitant pulse increase of 15 beats/min or
more on standing from a supine or sitting position

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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17
Q

What population is often effected by orthostatic hypotension

A

Older adults and contributes significantly to morbidity from syncope, falls, vital organ ischemia, and mortality among older adults with diabetic hypertension

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18
Q

When the heart valves are too narrow

A

Stenosis

19
Q

What are the two layers of pericardium

A

Inner visceral layer and an outer parietal layer

20
Q

Inflammation of the pericardium

A

Pericarditis

21
Q

stabilizes the heart
in its anatomic position despite
changes in body position and
reduces excess friction between the
heart and surrounding structures

A

Pericardium

22
Q

Layer of the heart attached to the epicardium

A

Inner visceral layer

23
Q

The most common type of aneurysms

A

Abdominal

24
Q

An abnormal stretching (dilation) in
the wall of an artery, a vein, or the
heart with a diameter that is at least
50% greater than normal

A

Aneurysm

25
Q

swelling of a vein
because of vein wall inflammation
(phlebitis) occurring as a result of
thrombus (blood clot) deposition in
the vein.

A

Thrombophlebitis

26
Q

List the two different types of thrombophlebitis

A

Deep vein thrombosis and superficial thrombophlebitis

27
Q

List the risk factors of DVT

A

Immobility (Venous Stasis)
 Trauma (Venous Damage)
 Lifestyle
 Hypercoagulation and other

28
Q

an intravascular collection of fibrin network, platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes, the end result of the activation of the clotting
cascade with the potential to produce significant morbidity and mortality.

A

Venous thrombus

29
Q

can occur when part of a thrombus
(embolus) in a DVT breaks loose and
travels through the right side of the heart
into the pulmonary artery.

A

Pulmonary embolism

30
Q

PEs, most often from the large, deep veins
of the ___ and ___ , are the most
devastating complication of DVT and can
occur without apparent warning, ending
in sudden death.

A

Pelvis and legs

31
Q

__ and __ are referred to as venous
thromboembolism (VTE)

A

DVT and PE

32
Q

___ is the most common reason for
hospital readmission and death after
total hip and total knee arthroplasty

A

Venous thromboembolism

33
Q

True or false: emboli can be formed of other substances besides a blood clot

A

True

34
Q

An abnormal dilation of veins
leading to tortuosity (twisting and turning)
of the vessel, incompetence of the
valves, and a propensity to thrombosis.

A

Varicose veins

35
Q

Which veins are typically effected by varicose veins

A

saphenous veins of the lower extremities

36
Q

The cardiovascular system functions in coordination with the ___
system to circulate oxygenated blood through the arterial system to all
cells in the body

A

Pulmonary

37
Q

List the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7)

A

Hypertension, high serum cholesterol levels, physical inactivity, diabetes, suboptimal diet, overweight/obesity, smoking

38
Q

Type of prevention defined as risk factor reduction targeted towards an entire population through a focus on social and environmental conditions

A

Primordial prevention

39
Q

Type of prevention aimed at children to decrease as much risk exposure as possible

A

Primordial prevention

40
Q

Type of prevention defined as reducing chances of the first adverse cardiovascular event in patients with no clinical apparent CVD; lifestyle and environmental changes

A

Primary prevention

41
Q

Type of prevention defined as the attempt to decrease the recurrent cardiovascular events and reduce death resulting from CVD

A

Secondary

42
Q

Cardinal symptoms of cardiac disease usually include ___, ___, or ___ pain or discomfort; angina, palpitations; dyspnea; syncope (fainting);
fatigue; cough; and cyanosis.

A

Chest, neck, or arm

43
Q

What are the most common symptoms of the vascular component of cardiovascular pathological conditions

A

Edema and leg pain (claudication)

Internal Med.: Module 4 (4 decks)

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