Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P II > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system?

A

1) Fluid balance
2) Lipid absorption
3) Defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the lymphatic system achieve fluid balance? (2) What would result if this didn’t happen? (1)

A

1) 30 L of fluid leave the blood and enter the interstitual spaces of the body BUT only 27 L return to the blood
2) Remaining 3 L are collected through lymphatic capillaries (where it’s called LYMPH) and pass through lymphatic vessels back to the blood
3) If this DOESN’T happen, EDEMA would occur and lead to tissue damage & death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lymph (3)

A

1) watery fluid that forms when excess tissue fluid is absorbed into lymph capillaries
2) contains large amount of water, protein, and lipids
3) transported via lymphatic vessels into the cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lacteals & Chyle

A
  • Lymphatic vessels in the lining of the digestive tract that absorb lipids
  • Type of lymph that passes through lacteals (appears white because of its lipid content)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the lymphatic system? (8)

A

1) Lymph
2) Lymphatic Vessels
3) Lymphatic Tissues
4) Lymphatic Nodules
5) Lymph Nodes
6) Tonsils
7) Spleen
8) Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What areas of the body lack lymphatic vessels?

A

1) CNS
2) Bone marrow
3) Tissues without bone marrow (cartilage, epidermis, & cornea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does fluid from blood become lymph? (2)

A

1) Fluid from blood capillaries moves into tissues
2) From tissues into lymphatic capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lymph Capillaries (4)

A

1) Small, narrow, thin-walled versions of lymphatic vessels
2) “Blind” vessels because they end abruptly at their distal ends
3) Absorb excess tissue fluids to form lymph
4) They transport lymph to lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What allows lymphatic capillaries to retain and move lymph one-way? (2)

A

1) Overlap of endothelial cells allows fluid to enter but prevents it from moving back into the tissue
2) Valves located along vessel ensure one-way flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lymphatic Vessels (characteristic & function) & location (2)

A

1) large, thin walled vessels (similar to veins, but with more valves) that transport lymph from lymph capillaries to cardiovascular system
2) Found in subcutaneous layer & lie directly next to veins & deep tissues (viscera) lie next to arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 Mechanisms Lymph is moved through Lymphatic Vessels

A

1) Contraction of lymphatic vessels
2) Contraction of skeletal muscles (that surround vessels)
3) Thoracic pressure changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to lymph during routine breathing? (2)

A

1) Inspiration= pressure in thoracic cavity DECREASES, lymph vessels EXPAND, & lymph flow IN
2) Expiration= pressure in thoracic cavity INCREASES, lymph vessels are COMPRESSED, & lymph flows OUT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lymphatic Trunks & Lymphatic Ducts

A
  • Lymphatic vessels converge to form lymphatic trunks that drains lymph from major portions of the body
  • Lymphatic trunks that join together as larger vessels (ducts) that connect to large veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 5 Lymph Trunks & where do they drain?

A

1) Jugular Trunk- head & neck
2) Subclavian Trunk- upper limbs, superficial thoracic wall, & mammary glands
3) Bronchomediastinal Trunk- thoracic organs & deep thoracic wall
4) Intestinal Trunks- abdominal organs (intestines, stomach, pancreas, spleen, & liver)
5) Lumbar Trunks- lower limbs, pelvic & abdominal walls, pelvic organ, ovaries/testes, kidneys, & adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the largest lymphatic vessel?

A

Thoracic duct- from 12th thoracic vertebra to base of neck.
1) drains lymph from right side of the body inferior to the thorax & the entire left side of the body
2) Jugular & Subclavian trunks join thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cisterna Chyli

A
  • Enlarged inferior end (sac) of the thoracic duct that receives chyle from the intestine
  • Formed from Lumbar & Intestinal Trunks
  • uncommon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lymph Nodes (3)

A

1) round, oval, or bean-shaped bodies along lymphatic vessels
2) filter lymph
3) connected in cluster series so lymph leaves one node and enters directly into another node
4) contain many WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the layers of a lymph node?

A

1) Medulla= innermost layer
2) Cortex= outermost layer

  • Capsule= outer surface protective membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the primary (2) and secondary lymphoid organs? (5)

A

Primary= Thymus & Red Bone Marrow
Secondary= Lymph nodes, Tonsils, Spleen, Peyer’s patches, & Appendix

20
Q

Summary of Lymphatic System Circulation (5)

A

1) Interstitial fluid enters lymphatic capillaries forming lymph
2) Lymphatic capillaries converge to form larger lymphatic vessels
3) Lymph passes through lymphatic vessels & lymph nodes, where it’s filtered.
4) Lymphatic vessels converge to form Lymphatic Trunks which drain lymph from major regions of the body
5) Lymphatic trunks empty directly into thoracic veins or combine to form larger lymphatic ducts that empty into thoracic veins

21
Q

Summary of Lymphatic System Circulation- ABBREVIATED (5)

A

1) IF –> capillaries = lymph
2) Capillaries –> lymphatic vessels
3) Lymph –> lymphatic vessels & lymph nodes= filtered.
4) Vessels –> Trunks –> drain lymph from major regions of the body
5) Trunks either a) empty directly into thoracic veins or b) combine to form larger lymphatic ducts (that empty into thoracic veins)

22
Q

Primary Lymphatic Organs (2) & Why (1)

A

Red Bone Marrow & Thymus –> where lymphocytes become immunocompetent (meaning they are capable of launching an immune response)

23
Q

What cells become immuncompetent (2) & where?

A
  • B Cells & T Cells (lymphocytes)
  • Pre-B cells = inside red bone marrow
  • Pre-T cells= move from red bone marrow through the blood into the Thymus
24
Q

Secondary Lymphatic Organs (5) & Why (1)

A

-Lymph nodes, Tonsils, Spleen, Peyer’s patches, & Appendix
- where lymphocytes interact with each other, other immune cells, & microorganisms to produce an immune response

25
Q

Lymphatic Organs vs. Lymphatic Tissue

A

1) Organs= Encapsulated (presence of connective tissue capsule)
2) Tissue= Nonencapsulated (no capsule= more diffuse)

26
Q

What are the basic components of lymphatic tissue? (3)

A

1) Lymphocytes
2) Reticular Cells
3) Macrophage

27
Q

Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT)

A

1) Nonencapsulated lymphatic tissues (including tonsils) associated with the mucous membranes that line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, & reproductive tracts.
2) well positioned to intercept microorganisms & other foreign materials as they enter the body

28
Q

Lymphatic Nodules (characteristic & locations)

A

1) Dense arrangements of lymphatic tissue, spherical
2) Found in loose connective tissue of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems. & within lymph nodes & the spleen
3) Large collections found in Peyer patches & Tonsils

29
Q

Lymphatic Follicles

A

Lymphatic nodules that are found within lymph nodes & the spleen

30
Q

Peyer Patches (3)

A

1) Aggregations of lymphatic nodules in small intestine & appendix
2) Similar to Tonsils in structure
3) Function= monitor & destroy bacteria in the intestine

31
Q

Tonsils (3)

A

1) Large group of lymphatic nodules & diffuse lymphatic tissue located in pharynx
2) Protect against bacteria entering pharynx from nasal or oral cavity
3) In adults, decrease in size & eventually may disappear

32
Q

What are the 3 types of tonsils?

A

1) Palatine Tonsils- visible large mass on either side of the junction between oral cavity & pharynx (middle)
2) Pharyngeal Tonsil- junction between nasal cavity & pharynx (top) –> when enlarged= Adenoid
3) Lingual Tonsil- located on posterior surface of the tongue

33
Q

GALT (3)

A
  • Gut-Associated Lymphatic Tissue
  • aka Peyer’s patches & Tonsils referred to as
  • Protects the upper respiratory & GI tracts against infection
34
Q

Spleen (characteristics & location (3))

A

1) Largest lymphatic organ- size of clenched fist
2) Located in the upper left abdomen, below the diaphragm
3) Decrease in size & weight in older people

35
Q

Spleen Functions (5)

A

1) Filters blood
2) Removes old worn-out RBCs from circulation and sends them to the liver for detoxification
3) Produces RBCs in the late stage of fetal development
4) Acts as reservoir for blood & stores platelets
5) Contains WBCs

36
Q

Thymus (location & function (4))

A

1) Endocrine gland
2) Located in the mediastinum- divides left & right thoracic cavity
3) Hormones produced by the Thymus control T cell (WBC) development
4) Most active during childhood & atrophies after puberty

37
Q

Lymph circulation from capillaries to the heart (7)

A

1) Lymph capillaries to lymph nodes (afferent to sinuses to efferent)
2) To lymph trunks (lumbar, intenstinal, bronchiomediastinal, subclavian, jugular)
3) To either Thoracic (left) or Right lymphatic duct
4) Subclavian
5) Brachiocephalic
6) Superior Vena Cava
7) Right Atrium

38
Q

Edema

A

1) abnormal increase in the amount of interstitial fluid (IF)
2) Caused by either –> increase in outward pressure producing more IF OR decrease in inward pressure leading to the reabsorption of IF.

39
Q

Where in a lymph node do B-cells undergo proliferation, differentiation, & activation?

A

Germinal Center

40
Q

What is the capsule of a lymph node composed of?

A

Dense connective tissue

41
Q

What is the purpose of lacteals?

A

Absorb lipids from the digestive tract

42
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph into?

A

Left Subclavian Vein

43
Q

What is the lymphatic tissue of the spleen?

A

White Pulp

44
Q

Red Pulp vs. White Pulp

A
  • White pulp= the lymphatic tissue surrounding arteries inside the spleen & is 1/4 volume of the spleen
  • Red pulp= associated with the veins within the spleen & is 3/4 volume of spleen
45
Q

What happens to the spleen during exercise?

A

Its loses 40-50% of it’s blood volume so that the increase in blood volume throughout the rest of the body can increase O2 delivery to muscles

46
Q
A

A & P II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions