Lymphatic / immune system Flashcards
interstitial fluid that flows through the lymphatic system
Lymph
What are lymph’s composed of
- Lymph vessels
- lymph nodes
- lymph glands
- lymphoid tissue
The Lymph organs consist of :
tonsils
adenoids & vermiform
appendix & spleen
thymus gland & peyer patches
contain a single, large nucleus.
- largest phagocytic WBC & transform into macrophages when in lymphatic tissue
Monocytes
two types : T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells)
Lymphocytes
- Also called lymphs
Very large monocytes that grew in size once they migrated out of the bloodstream and lived in the tissues.
- Engulf foreign particles, microorganisms, and cell debris.
Macrophages
What quadrant is the spleen located
the upper left quadrant.
- Removes old RBC’s q 90-120 days
Where is the Thymus gland located & what lymph’s does it develop ?
- located in the mediastinum
- Developes T lymphocytes
- Helps protect the entrances to the respiratory & digestive system
- are lymphatic tissue
Tonsils
located in the right lower quadrant and attached to the ascending colon of your large intestine
Vermiform appendix
What are the common cells found in the lymphatic system ?
WBC’s
composed of organs, tissues, cells, & chemical messengers
Immune system
your chemical messengers
Cytokines
What are Neutrophils , Eosinophils , & Basophils characterized by ?
their heavily granulated cytoplasm
What are the Granular WBC’s ?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are the Agranular WBC’s ?
- Monocytes
- Macrophages
Primary function is to differentiate what is “self” & what is “foreign” & then destroy anything that is foreign in the body.
Immune system level of defense
Nonspecific immunity is also known as :
innate immunity
Specific immunity is also known as :
adaptive immunity
Many ways the body protects itself from pathogens w/o having to recognize them
Nonspecific immunity
Methods of protection : (first)
-Physical
-Reflexes
-Chemical
Second line of defense :
- Phagocytosis
- Inflammation
- Pyrexia = fever
- Protective proteins
- (NK) natural killer cells
Immunoglobulin –
Mostly found in circulating blood and tissues.
- Crosses the placenta to the unborn baby.
- provides the majority of antibody-based immunity.
IgG
Immunoglobulin –
Produced early in the immune response before IgG.
IgM
Immunoglobulins –
Found in the gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory systems.
-It is secreted in tears, saliva, and breast milk.
IgA
Immunoglobulins –
Created in response to an allergic reaction and multicellular organisms (parasitic worms).
IgE
Immunoglobulins –
Found in low levels in the serum.
- May interact with mast cells and basophils.
IgD
also called antibody-mediated immunity, involves the production of B lymphocytes (B cells) and antibodies.
Humoral immunity
- response involves T cells, which are responsible for destroying cells infected with antigens (viruses) and abnormal body cells, such as cancerous cells and transplanted tissues.
- Cell-mediated immunity is also a complex response.
Cell - mediated immunity
(anaphylactic response)
- Considered an immediate allergic reaction.
Type 1
(cytotoxic-mediated response)
- Causes damage to the body’s own tissues.
Type 2
(immunocomplex reaction)
- Causes inflammation and tissue damage.
Type 3
(cell-mediated hypersensitivity)
- A delayed response caused by a cell-mediated response.
Type 4
the body is exposed to the antigen and the body “actively” produces the antibodies.
- This type of immunity is slow to start working, but it can last a lifetime.
Active immunity
A person is exposed to a disease.
- the body “actively” produces antibodies for protection.
Natural acquired active immunity
A person receives a vaccine that contains antigens for a specific disease.
- The antigens have been altered so that they cannot cause the disease, but the body will “actively” make antibodies to protect against the disease.
Artificial acquired active immunity
antibodies (immune globulin or immunoglobulins) are “passed” into the body and the body does not need to make them.
Passive immunity
Antibodies are passed from the mother to the unborn baby in utero
Natural acquired passive immunity
Antibodies are “passed” into the body by an injection of immune globulin.
Artificial acquired passive immunity
- This immune response is generated against one specific antigen
- Counts on the immune cells to identify antigens or recognize them if they encounter them again
- Prepares a specific response to that unique antigen
- Identifies with repeated challenges by the same antigen
- May be either genetic or acquired
Specific immunity
The remains of anything broken down or destroyed ; ruins, rubble.
Debris
A clear, yellowish fluid containing white blood cells in a liquid simi-lar to plasma.
Lymph
The production of exact copies of a complex molecule, such as DNA.
Replication
A substance or structure that can be passed through, especially by liquids or gases.
Permeable
A thick, yellowish fluid secreted from the breasts during pregnancy and during the first few days after childbirth.
Colostrum
the location separating the right and left thoracic cavities
Mediastinal
A usually chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by bright red patches covered with silvery scales.
Psoriasis
complete or partial loss of hair from the head or other parts of the body.
Alopecia
Deficient activity of the thyroid gland.
Hypothyroidism
also called gluten-sensitive enteropathy or celiac sprue, is a digestive and an autoimmune disorder.
Celiac disease
an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder that affects the brain and spinal cord.
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Muscle weakness in the chest, back, neck, and hips is the first symptom.
Polymyositis
_________ is a term used to describe a red blood cell that is shaped like a disk that is squished a bit in the middle.
Biconcave
_____% of plasma is made up of water.
90%
A type of agranulocyte that is named for its single, large nucleus is called a ..
monocyte
What is the main goal of the first line of defense of the immune system?
Keep out pathogens.
_____________ is the healthcare specialty that deals with many immune and lymphatic-related diseases and disorders.
Immunology
Blood contributes to homeostasis by transporting which two gases?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
_______________ is the term used to describe the internal environment of the body that is compatible with life.
Homeostasis
Thrombocytes are most commonly known as
platelets
sutures of the palm/sole are to stay in for how long?
14-21 days
abnormal increase of lymphocytes
lymphocytosis
deficiency of clotting cells
thrombocytopenia
known as the key cells of our immune response
lymphocytes
process of blood formation
hematopoiesis
tearing of the soft body tissue
laceration
pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of
b12
what is the temp/lbs for sterilization in an autoclave
- 250-255 degrees
- 15 lbs
formation of RBC in the bone marrow are stimulated by
erythropoietin
on a pouch, what info should be found on it
initials and date
condition in which T cells attack a persons own cell is known as an
auto immune disease
destruction and consumption of pathogens
phagocytosis
process of killing pathogenic organisms and rendering them inactive
disinfection
flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ, or a cavity
cannula
cleaning process that removes/reduces the number of microorganisms
sanitization
-siderin
iron substance
hemorrhage into the tissue is called
purpura
rows of teeth found on the jaws of an instrument
serrations
substances in the blood that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
hemoglobin
process of killing all microorganisms
sterilization
western blot testing is used to diagnose a person with
HIV
cut or separate tissue with a cutting instrument
dissect
monospot testing is used to diagnose ..
mono
joining 2 surfaces/edges together along a line is known as
approximated
metal rod with a smooth rounded tip
obturator
used to close a wound or surgical site
sutures
