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Lab & Surgical procedures > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves disease

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2
Q

_____________ is defined as blood glucose levels rising as high as 300 to 750 mg/dL.

A

Hyperglycemia

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3
Q

The healthcare specialty that studies the glands, hormones, and hormonal effects on the body is called

A

endocrinology.

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4
Q

The _________ gland is located deep within the brain and secretes the hormone melatonin.

A

pineal

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5
Q

Which gland is located in the mediastinum above the heart?

A

Thymus gland

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6
Q

The _____________, located in the middle of the brain, is the major connection between the nervous and endocrine systems.

A

hypothalamus

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7
Q

A rare condition that occurs when the hypothalamus and/or posterior pituitary do not produce or release adequate amounts of antidiuretic hormone is called

A

diabetes insipidus.

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8
Q

What disease involves a malfunction of the adrenal cortex resulting in increased levels of cortisol?

A

Cushing disease

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9
Q

Which gland when stimulated by TSH produces two hormones that regulate the metabolism of the body and its normal growth and development?

A

Thyroid gland

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10
Q

A steady state that is created by all the body systems working together to provide a consistent and unvarying internal environment is called

A

homeostasis.

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11
Q

a specialist involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of endocrine disorders.

A

Endocrinologist

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12
Q

A chemical substance that separates into ions in solution (water) and is capable of conducting an electric current.

A

Electrolyte

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13
Q

The internal environment of the body that is compatible with life.

  • A steady state that is created by all the body systems working together to provide a consistent and unvarying internal environment.
A

Homeostasis

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14
Q

A cell selectively affected by a specific agent, such as a drug, hormone, or virus.

A

Target cell

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15
Q

located in the middle of the brain.

  • the major connection for the neuroendocrine system.
A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

responsible for the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.

-stored and secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

“master gland”

  • composed of two lobes , anterior lobe and the posterior lobe
A

Pituitary gland / Hypophysis

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18
Q

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) hormones : (6)

A
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone
  • Growth hormone
  • Luteinizing hormone
  • Prolactin
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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19
Q

Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) hormones : (2)

A
  • Antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin
  • Oxytocin
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20
Q

A process in which a change causes a response that enhances that change. (reoccurring)

A

positive feedback loop

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21
Q

a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck above the collarbone

A

Thyroid gland

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22
Q

Thyroid gland produces, stores, and secretes: (3)

A
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Calcitonin
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23
Q

four pea-sized glands located on the back side of the thyroid gland.

A

Parathyroid glands

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24
Q
  • Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
  • Secreted when blood calcium levels are decreased
A

Parathyroid glands

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25
Q
  • located on the top of each kidney.
A

Adrenal glands

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26
Q

what is the outer & inner parts of the adrenal gland ?

A
  • The outer part of the gland is the adrenal cortex
  • The inner part is called the adrenal medulla
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27
Q

produces cortical hormones, also called steroids.

A

Adrenal cortex

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28
Q

Hormones of the Adrenal cortex : (3)

A
  • Mineralocorticoids
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Gonadocorticoids
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29
Q

secretes nonsteroid hormones

A

Adrenal medulla

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30
Q

nonsteroid hormones Adrenal medulla produces : (2)

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine
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31
Q
  • located inferior and posterior to the stomach.
  • releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine through pancreatic ducts.
A

Pancreas

32
Q

releases hormones into the blood

A

endocrine gland

33
Q

releases secretions through ducts

A

exocrine gland

34
Q

pancreas producing hormones: (4)

A
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin
  • Somatostatin
  • Ghrelin
35
Q

A process in which a change from the normal ranges causes a response that opposes or decreases the change, helping to maintain homeostasis. (non reoccurring)

A

negative feedback loop

36
Q
  • in the mediastinum behind the sternum
  • These hormones stimulate the production and maturity of T cells
A

Thymus gland

37
Q

What hormones do the Thymus gland produce? (2)

A
  • thymosin
  • thymopoietin
38
Q

considered the primary sex organs

A

Gonads

39
Q

Secrete testosterone, which stimulates the development of male sexual characteristics.

  • Also promotes sperm production and muscle development.
A

Testes

40
Q

produce estrogen and progesterone.

  • Estrogen stimulates the development of breasts and other female sexual characteristics.
A

Ovaries

41
Q

what gland is located deep within the brain?

A

Pineal gland

42
Q

what hormone does the pineal gland produce ?

A

melatonin

43
Q

what is the goal of hormone regulation ?

A

to maintain homeostasis.

44
Q

three mechanisms of hormone regulation

A
  • Nervous system regulation
  • Endocrine control regulation
  • Feedback system regulation
45
Q

Each hormone released into the bloodstream has specific target cells for action.

  • they have receptors that attract only certain hormones.
A

Target Cells

46
Q

Hormone Actions : (2)

A
  • Nonsteroid hormones
  • Steroid hormones
47
Q
  • made up of protein or amino acids.
  • This type of hormone attaches to a target cell membrane.
A

Nonsteroid hormones

48
Q

small lipid-soluble molecules that attach to a target cell membrane and then pass directly into the target cell.

A

Steroid hormones

49
Q

also known as tissue hormones.

A

Prostaglandins

50
Q
  • true or false
    The endocrine system uses the circulatory system to send messengers
A

true

51
Q

Aldosterone regulates ..

A

sodium and water balance

52
Q

The medical term that mean continuous muscle spasms

A

tetany

53
Q

What type of medication is used to treat Addison’s disease

A

Corticosteroids

54
Q

means a deposit buildup on the arterial walls and decreases the elasticity of the walls.

A

Arteriosclerosis

55
Q
  • true or false
    Adrenal glands are located below the kidneys
A

false, above

56
Q

What hormone stimulates breast milk production

A

prolactin

57
Q

Which disease means excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone

A

graves disease

58
Q

Parathyroid glands helps to regulate ____ in the blood

A

calcium

59
Q

Hypophys/o is a combining form for the ..

A

pituitary gland

60
Q

Antidiuretic hormone is also known as ..

A

vasopressin

61
Q

Hypersecretion of cortisol would be a sign of ___ disease

A

cushing disease

62
Q

This gland helps to regulate metabolism

A

thyroid gland

63
Q

crin/o is the combining form that means?

A

secrete

64
Q

____ are chemical messengers used by the endocrine system to regulate our body functions.

A

hormones

65
Q

______ is a condition of excessive ketone acids in the bloodstream

A

Ketoacidosis

66
Q

This hormone is secreted by the pancreas & inhibits the secretion of the growth hormone.

A

Somatostatin

67
Q

Total calcium may be used to diagnosis?

A

Parathyroid Function

68
Q

A _____ is an enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

Goiter

69
Q

Blood test that is used to assess thyroid hormones & evaluate abnormalities of thyroid function is called…

A

TFT

70
Q

Which hormone stimulates the development of breasts & female secondary sexual characteristics

A

estrogen

71
Q

What is associated with diabetic retinopathy?

A

Damages the blood vessels in the retina, leading to loss of vision & Eventual Blindness

72
Q

How often would a diabetic have to go for an A1c blood draw?

A

3 months

73
Q

The medical term that means Deficiency of calcium in the blood?

A

Hypocalcemia

74
Q

Which test measures the glucose level in the blood after fasting?

A

FBS

75
Q

What is the name of the medication that can be given to a patient that is having a low blood sugar

A

Glucagon

76
Q

Radioactive iodine uptake scans are used to help diagnose ____

A

Hyperthyroidism

Lab & Surgical procedures (8 decks)

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