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Human Histology (LEC) > Lymphatic > Flashcards

Lymphatic Flashcards

1
Q

provides defense or immunity against
infectious agents

A

Immune system

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2
Q

Immunity comprises of

A

Innate immunity and Adaptive immunity

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3
Q

Immediate, non-specific, with a wide variety of effector
mechanisms involved

A

Innate Immunity

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4
Q

Innate immunity comprises of what cells

A

Granulocytes - basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils (Leukocytes)

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5
Q

Innate immunity physical barriers

A

Skin and mucous membranes

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6
Q

INNATE - CHEMICAL BARRIERS

system of proteins in blood plasma, mucus,
and macrophages that react with bacterial surface
components to aid removal of bacteria

A

Complement

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7
Q

INNATE - CHEMICAL BARRIERS

lowers the pH locally to kill or inhibit harmful microorganisms

A

HCI and organic acids

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8
Q

INNATE - CHEMICAL BARRIERS

polypeptides that kill bacteria by disrupting
cell walls

A

Defensins

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9
Q

INNATE - CHEMICAL BARRIERS

bacterial cell wall components

A

Lysozyme

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10
Q

INNATE - CHEMICAL BARRIERS

signals NK cells to kill and resist viral
infection

A

Interferons

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11
Q

Aimed at specific microbial invaders

A

Adaptive immunity

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12
Q

Response is SLOW during the first exposure

A

Adaptive immunity

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13
Q

Adaptive immunity

produced that allows for a rapid response
when a succeeding exposure (or repeated) occurs.

A

Memory cells

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14
Q

Adaptive immunity what cells comprises

A

B and T lymphocytes and Antigen Presenting cells

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15
Q

Adaptive Immunity organs involved

A

Primary lymphoid organs
Secondary lymphoid organs

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16
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

Thymus and Bone Marrow

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17
Q

Second lymphoid organs

A

lymph node, spleen, MALT

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18
Q

Adaptive immunity two types

A

Humoral Immunity
Cellular Immunity

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19
Q

Adaptive immunity 2 types

Refers to antibodies

A

Humoral immunity

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20
Q

Adaptive immunity 2 types

Primarily functions in adaptive immunity

A

Cellular immunity

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21
Q

Recognized by cells of the adaptive immune system and typically elicits a response

A

Antigen

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22
Q

Consists of proteins or polysaccharides (soluble molecules) or molecules that are still components of bacteria, protozoa, or tumor cells

A

Antigen

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23
Q

Secreted by plasma cells that arise from B lymphocytes

A

Antibody

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24
Q

Locations of antibodies

A

plasma / interstitial fluid, gland secretions

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25
2 identical light chains
Immunoglobulin (Antibody) Structure
26
2 identical heavy chains bound by disulfide bonds
Immunoglobulin (Antibody) Structure
27
- Cell receptor binding - Attaches to the cell surface
Fc portion (Constant Region)
28
- Antigen-binding - Variable portions of one heavy and one light chain - Attaches to the foreign invader
Fab portion (Variable Portions)
29
ANTIBODY CLASSES Structure: Monomer
IgG, IgD, IgE
30
ANTIBODY CLASSES Structure: Pentamer
IgM
31
ANTIBODY CLASSES Structure: Dimer with J chain and secretory component
IgA
32
ANTIBODY CLASSES Antibody percentage in the plasma: 75% - 85%
IgG
33
ANTIBODY CLASSES Antibody percentage in the plasma: 5% - 10%
IgM
34
ANTIBODY CLASSES Antibody percentage in the plasma: 10% - 15%
IgA
35
ANTIBODY CLASSES Antibody percentage in the plasma: 0.001%
IgD
36
ANTIBODY CLASSES Antibody percentage in the plasma: 0.002%
IgE
37
ANTIBODY CLASSES Presence in sites: Fetal circulation in pregnant women
IgG
38
ANTIBODY CLASSES Presence in sites: B lymphocytes surface (as a monomer)
IgM
39
ANTIBODY CLASSES Presence in sites: Secretions (saliva, milk, tears, etc)
IgA
40
ANTIBODY CLASSES Presence in sites: Surface of B lymphocytes
IgD
41
ANTIBODY CLASSES Presence in sites: Bound to the surface of mast cells and basophils
IgE
42
ANTIBODY CLASSES Known: Activates phagocytosis, neutralizes antigens
IgG
43
ANTIBODY CLASSES Known: First antibody produced initial immune response; activates complement
IgM
44
ANTIBODY CLASSES Known: Protects mucosae
IgA
45
ANTIBODY CLASSES Known: Antigen receptor triggering initial B cell activation
IgD
46
ANTIBODY CLASSES Known: Destroys parasitic worms and participates in allergies
IgE
47
Directly binds to the antigen
B lymphocyte
48
After activation with the help of T cells, it will become the plasma cell
B lymphocyte
49
secrete antibodies for humoral immunity
Plasma cell
50
Comprises 75% of circulating lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
51
used to recognize the antigens
Major Histocompatibility Complex
52
Types of T cells
Helper T cells - CD4 , MHC Class II Cytotoxic T cells - CD8, MHC Class II
53
Types of T cells Affects other cells for activation → B lymphocytes, cytotoxic cells, macrophages
Helper T cells
54
Types T cells Directly attaches to the cell
Cytotoxic T Cells
55
Primary lymphoid organ
Thymus
56
T cells develop here
Thymus
57
Function → immunity to self-antigens (central tolerance)
Thymus
58
travels to the thymus for maturation
Bone Marrow Lymphoblast
59
Thymic epithelial cells, Thymocytes (T Lymphoblasts)
Cortex
60
Thymic epithelial cells, Hassall’s corpuscles
Medulla
61
Secondary lymphoid structures
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
62
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Comprises of:
- Tonsils ○ Peyer’s patches (Ileum) ○ Appendix ○ Lymphocytes, IgA secreting plasma cells, Lymph nodes
63
prominent broken ring of lymphoid tissue
Waldeyer’s ring
64
Types of Tonsils
Palatine Tonsils, Lingual Tonsils, Pharyngeal Tonsils
65
Located in the posterior lateral walls of the oral cavity
Palatine tonsils
66
Situated along the surface of the posterior third of the tongue
Lingual tonsils
67
Single medial mass situated in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx
Pharyngeal Tonsils
68
Hypertrophied regions of pharyngeal tonsils resulting from chronic inflammation are called
adenoids
69
Secondary lymphoid structures
Lymph nodes
70
Bean shaped encapsulated structures lined at the lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
71
Lymph nodes REGIONS
Cortex Paracortex Medulla - Medullary Cords and Sinuses
72
Lymph nodes REGIONS receiving region of the lymph specifically in the subcapsular sinus
Cortex
73
Lymph nodes REGIONS Where Lymphoid nodules (B lymphocytes) are located
Cortex
74
Lymph nodes REGIONS lacks a nodule
Paracortex
75
Lymph nodes REGIONS Located between the cortex and medulla
Paracortex
76
Lymph nodes REGIONS Consists of lymphoid tissue rich in T cells
Paracortex
77
Lymph nodes REGIONS Comprises high endothelial venules (HEVs)
Paracortex
78
Lymph nodes REGIONS containing T and B lymphocytes and abundance of plasma cells
Medullary Cords
79
Lymph nodes REGIONS final filtration for the lymph
Medullary Sinuses
80
Considered a secondary lymphoid organ
Spleen
81
Consists the largest accumulation of lymphoid tissue
Spleen
82
Primarily involved in blood filtration
Spleen
83
Graveyard of old/dead RBCs
Spleen
84
Parenchyma of spleen
Splenic Pulp
85
Splenic Pulp Components
Red pulp - 80% of the spleen White pulp - 20% of the spleen
86
Splenic Pulp Components Comprises of blood-filled sinusoids
Red pulp 80%
87
Splenic Pulp Components Splenic cords of billroth functions for the removal of old erythrocytes
Red pulp 80%
88
Splenic Pulp Components Comprises of lymph nodes and PALS
White pulp 20%
89
MAJOR LYMPHOID ORGANS Cortex/medulla: Absent
MALT and Spleen
90
MAJOR LYMPHOID ORGANS Cortex/medulla: Present
Thymus and Lymph nodes
91
MAJOR LYMPHOID ORGANS Lymphoid nodules: Absent
Thymus
92
MAJOR LYMPHOID ORGANS Lymphatic vessels: Afferent at capsule, emptying into subcapsular sinus; efferent at hilum
Lymph nodes
93
MAJOR LYMPHOID ORGANS Unique features: Hassall (thymic) corpuscles in medulla; epithelial-reticular cells in cortex and medulla
Thymus
94
MAJOR LYMPHOID ORGANS Unique features: Crypts lined by surface mucosa in tonsils; epithelial M cells in mucosa over Peter patches
MALT
95
MAJOR LYMPHOID ORGANS Unique features: Thin paracortical region between cortex and medulla, with high endothelial venules (HEV); medullary cords and sinuses
Lymph nodes
96
MAJOR LYMPHOID ORGANS Unique features: Minor white pulp component, with central arterioles; major red pulp component, with many sinusoids
Spleen

Human Histology (LEC) (9 decks)

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