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Human Histology (LEC) > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive System has a TRACT:

A

○ Oral cavity
○ Esophagus
○ Stomach
○ Small and Large Intestines
○ Salivary glands / other glands of
the pancreas

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2
Q

The GI tract is a hollow tube with a lumen and a wall made up of four main layers:

A

○ Mucosa
○ Submucosa
○ Muscularis
○ Serosa

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3
Q

With an epithelial lining

A

Mucosa

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4
Q

Lamina propria

A

Mucosa

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5
Q

Thin layer of smooth muscle which separates the mucosa from the submucosa

A

Muscularis mucosae

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6
Q

Allows local movements of mucosa

A

Muscularis mucosae

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7
Q

With dense connective tissue

A

Submucosa

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8
Q

With Meissner’s plexus

A

Submucosa

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9
Q

Submucosal glands

A

Submucosa

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10
Q

Muscularis / Muscularis Externa

Composed of smooth muscle cells organized in two sublayers:

A

Internal Sublayer
External Sublayer

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11
Q

2 Sublayer

Closer to the lumen
■ Fiber appearance is CIRCULAR

A

Internal Sublayer

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12
Q

2 Sublayer

Fiber appearance is LONGITUDINAL

A

External Sublayer

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13
Q

Facilitates the contraction of muscularis which mix and
propel luminal contents forward

A

Myenteric (Auerbach) Plexus

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14
Q

Enteric nervous system found within walls of entire

A

GI tract

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15
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

Submucosal plexus/ Meissner’s plexus
Myenteric plexus/ Auberbach’s plexus

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16
Q

Plexus is composed of

A

Ganglia - collection of neurons

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17
Q

Oral Cavity Lining epithelium

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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18
Q

resists damage from abrasion (gums and hard palate)

A

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

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19
Q

seen in the soft palate, cheeks, floor of the mouth, and the pharynx

A

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelium

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20
Q

Lips

THICK, NON-KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM

A

Internal Mucous Surface

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21
Q

LIPS

Very thin Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

A

Vermilion Zone

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22
Q

LIPS

Area of transition between the skin and oral mucosa

A

Vermilion Zone

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23
Q

LIPS

Thin skin with epidermal and dermal layers, sweat glands, and many hair follicles with sebaceous glands

A

Outer Surface

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24
Q

Tongue and the Lingual Papillae

Elongated conical shape, HEAVILY KERATINIZED, causing a gray-whitish appearance

A

Filiform Papillae

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25
Q

Tongue and the Lingual Papillae

Abundant in number

A

Filiform Papillae

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26
Q

Tongue and the Lingual Papillae

Rough surface

A

Filiform Papillae

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27
Q

Tongue and the Lingual Papillae

Less abundant

A

Fungiform Papillae

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28
Q

Tongue and the Lingual Papillae

LIGHTLY KERATINIZED and interspersed among the filiform papillae

A

Fungiform Papillae

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29
Q

Tongue and the Lingual Papillae

Mushroom-shaped with wellvascularized and innervated
cores of lamina propria

A

Fungiform Papillae

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30
Q

Tongue and the Lingual Papillae

Consists of parallel ridges on each side of the tongue

A

Foliate Papillae

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31
Q

Tongue and the Lingual Papillae

LARGEST PAPILLAE

A

Vallate/ Circumvallate Papillae

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32
Q

Tongue and the Lingual Papillae

Eight to twelve vallate papillae are aligned at the front of the terminal sulcus

A

Vallate/Circumvallate Papillae

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33
Q

Ovoid structures within the Stratified Epithelium on the tongue’s surface

A

Taste buds

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34
Q

250 taste buds are located on the

A

lateral surfaces of vallate papilla

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35
Q

Taste buds location

A

FUNGIFORM AND FOLIATE PAPILLAE

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36
Q

Esophagus

Mucosa → lining epithelium

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NONKERATINIZED EPITHELIUM

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37
Q

Esophagus

DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
○ Esophageal glands

A

Submucosa

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38
Q

Esophagus

● Muscularis Externa → depends on location

purely skeletal muscle

A

Upper Third

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39
Q

Esophagus

● Muscularis Externa → depends on location

skeletal muscle + smooth muscle

A

Middle Third

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40
Q

Esophagus

● Muscularis Externa → depends on location

smooth muscle

A

Lower third

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41
Q

Esophagus

LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
○ Covered with SEROSA

A

Adventitia

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42
Q

Stomach major regions

A

Cardia
Pylorus
Fundus
Body

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43
Q

Stomach
● MAJOR REGIONS

comprises of simple tubular glands with long pits branching into coiled secretory portions which secretes mucus

A

Cardia

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44
Q

Stomach
● MAJOR REGIONS

funnel-shaped in appearance

A

Pylorus

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45
Q

Stomach
● MAJOR REGIONS

dome shaped in appearance, most superior portion

A

Fundus

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46
Q

Stomach
● MAJOR REGIONS

comprises the majority of the stomach

A

Body

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47
Q

Stomach mucosa lining

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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48
Q

STOMACH

→ DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

Submucosa

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49
Q

Stomach

→ 3 poorly defined layers:

A

Muscularis Externa

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50
Q

Stomach

Muscularis Externa 3 layers

A

Outer longitudinal,
middle circular,
innermost oblique

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51
Q

Stomach

Loose connective tissues

52
Q

Stomach

Covers the stomach

53
Q

Stomach

Covered with mesothelium

54
Q

Mucous neck cells

A

Secretory Epithelial Cells

55
Q

Secretory Epithelial Cells

→ FRIED EGG APPEARANCE

A

Parietal/ Oxyntic cells

56
Q

Function: Production of HYDROCHLORIC ACID, secretion of Intrinsic Factor

A

Parietal / Oxyntic cells

57
Q

Secretory Epithelial Cells

→ also known as PRINCIPAL CELLS / ZYMOGENIC
CELL

A

Chief Cells

58
Q

The granules of these cells contain INACTIVE PEPSINOGENS, converting pepsin due to acidic environment

A

Chief Cells

59
Q

______ is secreted in the fundus,
and in the pylorus, G cells produces gastrin.

A

Enteroendocrine Cells

SEROTONIN

60
Q

Small intestine segments

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

61
Q

Small intestine mucosa comprises the

A

plicae circulares

(consisting of the mucosa and submucosa)

62
Q

Small intestine

→ mucosa outgrowths (leaf-like / finger-like in
appearance)

63
Q

Small intestine segments

appears leaf-like

64
Q

Small intestine segments

appears finger-like

65
Q

Small intestine segments

appears club-shaped

66
Q

Tubular glands located in between the

67
Q

Includes _____ cells and ___ ____ cells for all the cell types of the small intestine

A

Differentiating

Pluripotent stem

68
Q

Small intestine

ABSORPTIVE CELLS, TALL COLUMNAR CELLS

A

Enterocytes

69
Q

Small intestine

With striated / brush border → which is covered with microvilli

A

Enterocytes

70
Q

Small intestine

___ is secreted → protects and lubricates the
intestinal lining

A

Goblet Cells

MUCIN

71
Q

plays a role in INNATE IMMUNITY → regulates the
microenvironment of the intestinal crypts

A

Paneth Cells

72
Q

SUBMUCOSA

Consists of large clusters of branched tubular mucous glands → BRUNNER’S GLANDS

73
Q

SUBMUCOSA

→ PEYER’S PATCHES - consist of well
developed MALT

74
Q

● Internal circular
● Outer longitudinal
● __ ___ is located
in-between (peristalsis occurs)

A

Muscularis Externa

AUERBACH PLEXUS

75
Q

Absorbs water, electrolytes

A

Large intestine

76
Q

Undigested food → feces

A

Large intestine

77
Q

LARGE INTESTINE

Storage of feces prior to defecation

78
Q

No villi in the mucosa

79
Q

RECTUM

→ large sacs in the colonic wall

80
Q

RECTUM

→ crescentic folds between haustra

A

Plicae Semilunaris

81
Q

Large Intestine

MUCOSA

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS

82
Q

Large Intestine

SUBMUCOSA

A

Dense Irregular connective tissue

83
Q

Large Intestine

MUSCULARIS EXTERNA

84
Q

Large Intestine

____ in transverse and sigmoid colon

85
Q

Large intestine

in ascending and descending colon

A

Adventitia

86
Q

Large intestine

serosa/adventitia
→ fatty structure

A

Appendices epiploicae

87
Q

Masses of lymphoid tissue in the lamina
propria and submucosa especially in the young

88
Q

Appendix

___ ____ is ABSENT

A

Teniae Coli

89
Q

Primarily functions as MUCOSA
ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (MALT)

90
Q

Anal Canal

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM lining
of the rectum, which is REPLACED by

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

91
Q

Anal Canal

→ the mucosa and submucosa forms several longitudinal folds

A

ANAL COLUMNS OF MORGAGNI

92
Q

Anal Canal

MUCOSA → UPPER HALF

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
WITH GOBLET CELLS

93
Q

Anal Canal

MUCOSA → LOWER HALF

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NONKERATINIZING EPITHELIUM

94
Q

Consists of the ANAL COLUMNS OF MORGAGNI

A

MUCOSA → LOWER HALF

95
Q

MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Located in each cheek near the ear

A

Parotid glands

96
Q

MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Branched acinar glands with exclusively serous acini

A

Parotid glands

97
Q

MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Secretes ABUNDANT alpha amylase

A

Parotid glands

98
Q

MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Produces ⅔ of all saliva

A

Submandibular glands

99
Q

MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Branched tubuloacinar glands, having SEROUS ACINI but with mixed tubuloacinar secretory units

A

Submandibular glands

100
Q

MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Secretes lysozymes for hydrolysis of bacterial walls

A

Submandibular glands

101
Q

MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Smallest of the major glands

A

Sublingual glands

102
Q

MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Branched tubuloacinar glands

A

Sublingual glands

103
Q

MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Secretory tubules of mucous cells
predominate, and the main product is MUCUS.

A

Sublingual glands

104
Q

Comprises of a think capsule

105
Q

Pancreas

___ ___ → drains each acinus, lining

A

Simple Squamous or LOW CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

INTERcalated Duct

106
Q

Pancreas

Intralobular and Interlobular Ducts lining →

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

107
Q

98% of the parenchyma

A

SECRETORY ACINI (EXOCRINE PORTION)

108
Q

SECRETORY ACINI (EXOCRINE PORTION)

→ round basal nuclei with many apical granules

A

Acinar cells

109
Q

SECRETORY ACINI (EXOCRINE PORTION)

→ small, pale staining cells of the intercalated
duct

A

Centroacinar cells

110
Q

LIVER

→ covered with mesothelium

A

Glisson’s Capsule

111
Q

LIVER

→ binucleated, eosinophilic epithelial cells with
microvilli

A

Hepatocytes

112
Q

→ vascular channels between hepatocytes lined by

A

Sinusoids

FENESTRATED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

113
Q

LIVER

→ Narrow perisinusoidal space

A

Space of Disse

114
Q

LIVER

→ antigen-presenting cells found within the sinusoid lining

A

Kupffer Cells / Stellate macrophages

115
Q

LIVER

→ Small lipid droplets which store Vitamin A

A

Ito Cells / Hepatic Stellate Cells

116
Q

PORTAL TRIAD

→ branch of the portal vein

117
Q

PORTAL TRIAD

→ branch of the hepatic artery

118
Q

PORTAL TRIAD

Bile Ductules →

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

119
Q

Hollow, pear-shaped organ attached to the lower surface of the liver, capable of storing 30-50 mL of bile that is concentrated during storage

A

Gallbladder

120
Q

The wall of the gallbladder consists of a

121
Q

The wall of the gallbladder consists of a mucosa →

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM and LAMINA PROPRIA

122
Q

a thin muscularis with bundles of muscle fibers oriented in several directions, and an external adventitia or serosa

A

Gallbladder

123
Q

The lining epithelial cells of the ______ have prominent
mitochondria, microvilli, and large intercellular spaces, all
indicative of cells actively transporting water for concentrating bile.

A

gallbladder

124
Q

Bile Production and Bile Flow

→ formed from the apical surfaces of hepatocytes

A

Bile Canaliculi

125
Q

Bile Production and Bile Flow

CANALS OF HERING → consists
of

A

CHOLANGIOCYTES

126
Q

Bile Production and Bile Flow

→ formed from the Canals of Hering

A

Bile Ductules

Human Histology (LEC) (8 decks)

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