Lymphadema Flashcards
intermittent claudication
calf/muscle pain after movement and goes away w/ rest- vascular origin
neurogenic claudication
spinal nerve compression origin
- if walking and having pain, have the patient flex forward and if pain goes away it is neurogenic b/c compression is relieved
Normal ABI
0.9-1
elevation of pallor
paleness when leg elevated - blood rushes out
Rubor of dependency
LE fills w/ blood when in dependent position
what suggest stenosis during auscultation?
bruits - wooshing sound (there is a blockage in vessel)
Which has a higher risk of getting necrotic tissue, Raynaud’s disease or phenomenon? Why?
Raynaud’s phenomenon b/c it has underlying arterial disease going on
Wegener’s granulomatosis
necrotizing blood vessels in upper respiratory tract, lungs, and kidneys
- pulmonary S&S mimic pneumonia
Systemic vasculitis
inflammation, necrosis, narrowing of arteries
What does a D-dimer do?
rule in or out presence of DVT or PE
What is embolization therapy used for?
treat AVM or inappropriate blood flow - permissive HTN to occlude vessel
Transcatheter Thrombolysis
Directly infusing thrombolytic agents into occluded vessels
Thrombectomy
method to remove an extensive thrombus in the LE
- immediately restores perfusion but invasive
Endarterectomy
plaque removed by cutting vessels and removing it - used for localized occlusive vascular disease
Where T-lymphocyte cells mature
bone marrow
where T-cells develop and mature
thymus gland
produce antibodies to fight infection and trap germs entering nose/mouth
adenoids
what are important in helping kid’s bodies recognize, destroy, and develop immunity to common environmental pathogens, for later protection
tonsils
“filter of blood” b/c it extensive vascularization and it removes blood debris, including dying RBC
spleen
Lymph flows from _____ pressure to _____ pressured areas
high to low
- negative pressure gradient
- need to move trunk lymph to have successful limb lymph movement
Stage 0 lymphedema
subclinical - area fells heavy
Stage 1 lymphedema
early accumulation of fluid - some swelling and pitting edema
- elevating limb is successful in reducing edema
Stage 2 lymphedema
fibrotic changes that may or may not be reversible
- elevating limb alone does not reduce edema
Stage 3 lymphadema
elephantiasis where pitting can be absent
- trophic skin changes
Stemmer’s sign
pilling skin up of finger or toe
What is the gold standard for lymphadema diagnosis?
lymphoscintigraphy
