Lymphadema

Question 1

intermittent claudication

Answer 1

calf/muscle pain after movement and goes away w/ rest- vascular origin

Question 2

neurogenic claudication

Answer 2

spinal nerve compression origin
- if walking and having pain, have the patient flex forward and if pain goes away it is neurogenic b/c compression is relieved

Question 3

Normal ABI

Answer 3

0.9-1

Question 4

elevation of pallor

Answer 4

paleness when leg elevated - blood rushes out

Question 5

Rubor of dependency

Answer 5

LE fills w/ blood when in dependent position

Question 6

what suggest stenosis during auscultation?

Answer 6

bruits - wooshing sound (there is a blockage in vessel)

Question 7

Which has a higher risk of getting necrotic tissue, Raynaud’s disease or phenomenon? Why?

Answer 7

Raynaud’s phenomenon b/c it has underlying arterial disease going on

Question 8

Wegener’s granulomatosis

Answer 8

necrotizing blood vessels in upper respiratory tract, lungs, and kidneys
- pulmonary S&S mimic pneumonia

Question 9

Systemic vasculitis

Answer 9

inflammation, necrosis, narrowing of arteries

Question 10

What does a D-dimer do?

Answer 10

rule in or out presence of DVT or PE

Question 11

What is embolization therapy used for?

Answer 11

treat AVM or inappropriate blood flow - permissive HTN to occlude vessel

Question 12

Transcatheter Thrombolysis

Answer 12

Directly infusing thrombolytic agents into occluded vessels

Question 13

Thrombectomy

Answer 13

method to remove an extensive thrombus in the LE

- immediately restores perfusion but invasive

Question 14

Endarterectomy

Answer 14

plaque removed by cutting vessels and removing it - used for localized occlusive vascular disease

Question 15

Where T-lymphocyte cells mature

Answer 15

bone marrow

Question 16

where T-cells develop and mature

Answer 16

thymus gland

Question 17

produce antibodies to fight infection and trap germs entering nose/mouth

Answer 17

adenoids

Question 18

what are important in helping kid’s bodies recognize, destroy, and develop immunity to common environmental pathogens, for later protection

Answer 18

tonsils

Question 19

“filter of blood” b/c it extensive vascularization and it removes blood debris, including dying RBC

Answer 19

spleen

Question 20

Lymph flows from _____ pressure to _____ pressured areas

Answer 20

high to low

• negative pressure gradient
• need to move trunk lymph to have successful limb lymph movement

Question 21

Stage 0 lymphedema

Answer 21

subclinical - area fells heavy

Question 22

Stage 1 lymphedema

Answer 22

early accumulation of fluid - some swelling and pitting edema
- elevating limb is successful in reducing edema

Question 23

Stage 2 lymphedema

Answer 23

fibrotic changes that may or may not be reversible

- elevating limb alone does not reduce edema

Question 24

Stage 3 lymphadema

Answer 24

elephantiasis where pitting can be absent

- trophic skin changes

Question 25

Stemmer’s sign

Answer 25

pilling skin up of finger or toe

Question 26

What is the gold standard for lymphadema diagnosis?

Answer 26

lymphoscintigraphy