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Anatomy Block 4 > Lymph Smith > Flashcards

Lymph Smith Flashcards

1
Q

True/False: INtersititial fluid and lymph are basically the same.

A

True

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2
Q

What are specialized lymphatic capillaries and absorb lipids from the intestinal tract?

A

lacteals

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3
Q

Lymph in lacteals is called _______ and is a creamy white color.

A

chyle

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4
Q

3 functions of lymphatic system

A

Drains excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces
Transports dietary lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood
Protects against invasion through immune system

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5
Q

Lymphatic vessels occur throughout the body alongside arteries in the ______.

A

viscera

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6
Q

Lymphatic vessels occur alongside veins in the ____________.

A

subcutaneous tissue

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7
Q

Lymphatic vessels are absent from the _______________.

A

Central nervous system

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8
Q

___________________ are present to prevent the backward flow of lymph.

A

Lymphatic vessel valves

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9
Q

Walls of lymphatic vessels consist of the same three tunics, but they are thinner and poorly defined in lymphatic vessels. What are the tunics?

A

Tunica externa
Tunica media
Tunica interna

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10
Q

Lymphatic vessels receive nutrients from ___ ______.

A

Vasa vasorum

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11
Q

Lymphatic vessels have 4 main differences than veins. What are they?

A 
closed-ended
larger diameter
thinner tunics
have anchoring filaments
overlapping endothelial cells making up the wall
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12
Q

What is the flow pattern of lymph?

A 
Interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic trunks
lymphatic ducts (all above are lymph)
subclavian veins (blood plasma)
arteries (blood plasma)
blood capillaries (blood plasma)
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13
Q

What are the 9 major trunks?

A

Paired- Lumbar, jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal

Single- intestinal trunk

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14
Q

intestinal trunk + right lumbar trunk +left lumbar trunk = enlarged region called ___________.

A

cisterna chyli

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15
Q

Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct drains lymph into the _________________________________.

A

Left and right subclavian veins at their junctures with the internal jugular veins

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16
Q

The flow of lymph from tissue spaces is maintained by 2 methods. What are they?

A

primarily- contraction of skeletal muscles

one way valves

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17
Q

The primary lymphatic/ lymphoid structures of the body are ____________.

A

Red bone marrow

i.e. thymus gland flat bones like sternum, ribs, cranial bones, and epiphysies like humerus and femur

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18
Q

The major secondary lymphatic structures of the body are the _______________________>

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules

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19
Q

Most immune responses occur in what?

A

secondary lymphatic structures

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20
Q

What do the 3 lymphocytes and what do they do?

A

t-cells= attack fungi, transplanted cells, and cancer cells
B-cells= destroy bacteria
Natural killer cells= attack certain spontaneously arising tumor cells

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21
Q

What is a 2 lobed gland lying between the sternum and base of the heart.

A

Thymus

22
Q

At what age does the thymus reach maximum size of 40 grams, then slowly atrophies at what age?

A

10-12 years old

atrophies by age 65 ~6 grams

23
Q

What are afferent lymphatic vessels?

A

Vessels that bring stuff to a structure

Afferent=arriving

24
Q

What are efferent lymphatic vessels?

A

Vessels that take stuff away from a structure

Efferent= Exiting

25
Q

Thymus does not have a filtering function, like lymph nodes, because why?

A

there are no afferent lymphatic vessels leading into the thymus (KNOW IT IMPORTANT)

26
Q

T-cells are formed in the red bone marrow but they are not functioning at that point, when do the T-cells actually mature?

A

When they reach the thymus gland

27
Q

What is the first area T-cells hit when going into Thymus, (where they actually mature at)?

A

Thymus cortex

28
Q

T-cells migrate into ____________ where they leave the thymus by medullary blood vessels.

A

thymus medulla

29
Q

Th thymus gland secretes the hormone _________. Which does what?

A

Thymosin, assists in promoting the proliferation and maturation of T-cells

30
Q

Spleen does not have a filtering function, like lymph nodes, because why?

A

there are no afferent lymphatic vessels leading into the spleen (KNOW IT IMPORTANT)

31
Q

Splenic blood vessels and lymphatic vessels pass through the ____ of the spleen.

A

hilum

32
Q

The spleen is surrounded by a capsule of ___________________.

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

-the capsule gives off inward extensions called trabeculae

33
Q

What are the two areas of the spleen?

A

White pulp= mostly B-cells around central arteries

Red pulp= venous sinuses and splenic/ Billroth’s cords that are between sinuses

34
Q

Red pulp function is what?

A

main function of spleen, which is phagocytosis of bacteria and worn-out or damaged red blood cells and platelets
-also reservoir for blood platelets

35
Q

Lymph nodes are heavily concentrated in what 3 areas?

A

Inguinal, axillary, mammary glands

36
Q

Lymph nodes have two specialized regions called what?

A

Cortex

Medulla

37
Q

Cortex of lymph nodes function?

A

densely packed T-cells and immature B-cells

38
Q

Medulla of lymph nodes function?

A

inner region of mature B-cells

39
Q

Germinal centers of lymph nodes function?

A

actively proliferating lymphocytes

40
Q

Medullary cords of lymph nodes function?

A

T-cells, B-cells, macrophages

41
Q

Know how lymph flows through a lymph node… (slide 28 and 29)

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels= lymph from tissue to lymph node

Efferent lymphatic vessels= lymph from hilum to venous circulation.

42
Q

Why are there a lot more afferent lymphatic vessels than efferent lymphatic vessels?

A

less going out it will take a longer time to get cleansed

will take longer to get fluid out, allows for a longer amount of time for structures to get cleansed

43
Q

Functions of lymph node?

A

Only lymphatic tissue that filters lymph. (only lymph structure that has both afferent and efferent)

44
Q

___________ destroy foreign substances by phagocytosis while other lymphocytes destroy foreign substances via immune responses.

A

Macrophages

45
Q

True/False: Lymphatic nodules are surrounded by a capsule.

A

False, ARE NOT surrounded by capsule (most others are)

46
Q

Lymphatic nodules are referred to as ____.

A

MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)

47
Q

What is an example of lymphatic nodules? Where does it occur?

A

Peyer’s patches

  • occurs in mucosa lining the ileum of the small intestine
  • contains macrophages
48
Q

What is an example of lymphatic nodules in the mouth?

A

Tonsils

49
Q

What are the types of tonsils?

A

one pharyngeal tonsil/adenoid
2 palatine tonsils
2 lingual tonsils

50
Q

Appendix contains large groupings of _______.

A

lymphatic nodules.

located in lamina propria of mucosa and some in submucosa

Anatomy Block 4 (9 decks)

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