Integumentary system (akers)

Question 1

What covers the entire surface of the body and is the largest organ of the body in terms of its weight and volume.

Answer 1

Integumentary system

Question 2

The accessory structures of the skin include:

Answer 2

hair, nails, 3 types of glands (sebaceous, eccrine sweat, and apocrine)

Question 3

What are the 6 functions of the skin?

Answer 3

Protection
Prevention
Regulation
Sensation
Immunological function
Production

Question 4

What are the 2 basic layers that the skin can be divided into?

Answer 4

Epidermis

Dermis

Question 5

What is a maximally keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 5

Epidermis

Question 6

Epidermis is composed of 5 named layers of cells called ________.

Answer 6

Keratinocytes

Question 7

Deepest layer of the epidermis and it borders the dermis.

Answer 7

Stratum basale

Question 8

A single layer of cuboidal or tall cuboidal cells lies on the ________________.

Answer 8

Basement membrane

Question 9

It takes __________ for keratinocytes to finish their renewal cycle.

Answer 9

3-4 weeks

Question 10

What are the 2 special types of cells that are found in the stratum basale?

Answer 10

Melanocytes
Merkel cells (merkel disks)

Question 11

What contains polyhedral kertinocytes which become more flattened in the superficial part of this layer. (tight junctions and langerhans)

Answer 11

Stratum spinosum

Question 12

What cells are an additional cell type often found in stratum spinosum?

Answer 12

Langerhans cells

Question 13

Plasma membrane of neighboring cells is connected by __________.

Answer 13

Desmosomes

Question 14

What contains keratinocytes, which are flattened cells with kerato-hyalin granules in their cytoplasm. (starting to pump out keratin and flatten)

Answer 14

Stratum granulosum

Question 15

Thin layer that is only found in the thick skin. (sad layer)

Answer 15

Stratum lucidum

Question 16

Most superficial layer, which contains numerous extremely flattened cells which are completely filled with keratin.

Answer 16

Stratum Corneum

Question 17

Dermis has what special cells?

Answer 17

Meissner corpuscles

Question 18

Connective tissue layer deep to the epidermis. (contains the blood vessels, nerves, afferent sensory receptors)

Answer 18

Dermis

Question 19

A transition (subcutaneous) layer below the dermis of the skin, which contains loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, nerves, arteries, and veins.

Answer 19

Hypodermis

Question 20

What has 5 distinct cell layers in thick skin?

Answer 20

Epidermis

Question 21

What is composed of a superficial papillary layer, a layer of loose connective tissue, and a deeper reticular layer which is a thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer 21

Dermis

Question 22

________ covers the entire body except for the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

Answer 22

Thin skin

Question 23

What cells are found and the stratum basale and respond to continuous touch stimuli

Answer 23

Merkel cells

Question 24

What are sensory receptors that respond to vibration stimuli, and are found in the hypodermis of both thin and thick skin.

Answer 24

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 25

Found in dermis. Sensitive to fine touch. Mainly found in thick skin.

Answer 25

Meissner corpuscles

Question 26

Found in hypodermis on border with dermis. Sensitive to vibrations. Both thick and thin skin but more prominent in thick skin.

Answer 26

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 27

Langerhans cells are typically found in the ____________.

Answer 27

Stratum spinosum

Question 28

What are cells called that have clear cytoplasm?

Answer 28

Clear cells

Question 29

3 types of glands found in the skin

Answer 29

Sebaceous Eccrine Apocrine

Question 30

What glands are found in the skin, usually associated with hair follicles. (numerous in scalp and face)

Answer 30

Sebaceous glands

Question 31

Sebaceous glands empty their oily secretion, called ______ into a hair follicle

Answer 31

Sebum

Question 32

Sebaceous glands release their products by ___________. Total disinegration of entire cells

Answer 32

Holocrine secretion

Question 33

What are sweat glands that can be found in both thin and thick skin over most of the body?

Answer 33

Eccrine (merocrine) glands

Question 34

Apocrine sweat glands are simple _______________________ like the eccrine sweat glands, but their lumens are larger.

Answer 34

simple coiled tubular glands

Question 35

The secretory cells of the apocrine glands release their products by shedding part of their apical cytoplasm; this is called ________________.

Answer 35

Apocrine secretion

Question 36

Tubules of the glands are lined by __________________________ and are influenced by hormones and start to function at puberty they are also called ___________.

Answer 36

cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells depending on the secretory stage. Sexual scent glands