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Anatomy Block 4 > Integumentary system (akers) > Flashcards

Integumentary system (akers) Flashcards

1
Q

What covers the entire surface of the body and is the largest organ of the body in terms of its weight and volume.

A

Integumentary system

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2
Q

The accessory structures of the skin include:

A

hair, nails, 3 types of glands (sebaceous, eccrine sweat, and apocrine)

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3
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skin?

A 
Protection
Prevention
Regulation
Sensation
Immunological function
Production
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4
Q

What are the 2 basic layers that the skin can be divided into?

A

Epidermis

Dermis

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5
Q

What is a maximally keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

Epidermis is composed of 5 named layers of cells called ________.

A

Keratinocytes

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7
Q

Deepest layer of the epidermis and it borders the dermis.

A

Stratum basale

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8
Q

A single layer of cuboidal or tall cuboidal cells lies on the ________________.

A

Basement membrane

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9
Q

It takes __________ for keratinocytes to finish their renewal cycle.

A

3-4 weeks

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10
Q

What are the 2 special types of cells that are found in the stratum basale?

A 
Melanocytes
Merkel cells (merkel disks)
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11
Q

What contains polyhedral kertinocytes which become more flattened in the superficial part of this layer. (tight junctions and langerhans)

A

Stratum spinosum

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12
Q

What cells are an additional cell type often found in stratum spinosum?

A

Langerhans cells

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13
Q

Plasma membrane of neighboring cells is connected by __________.

A

Desmosomes

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14
Q

What contains keratinocytes, which are flattened cells with kerato-hyalin granules in their cytoplasm. (starting to pump out keratin and flatten)

A

Stratum granulosum

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15
Q

Thin layer that is only found in the thick skin. (sad layer)

A

Stratum lucidum

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16
Q

Most superficial layer, which contains numerous extremely flattened cells which are completely filled with keratin.

A

Stratum Corneum

17
Q

Dermis has what special cells?

A

Meissner corpuscles

18
Q

Connective tissue layer deep to the epidermis. (contains the blood vessels, nerves, afferent sensory receptors)

A

Dermis

19
Q

A transition (subcutaneous) layer below the dermis of the skin, which contains loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, nerves, arteries, and veins.

A

Hypodermis

20
Q

What has 5 distinct cell layers in thick skin?

A

Epidermis

21
Q

What is composed of a superficial papillary layer, a layer of loose connective tissue, and a deeper reticular layer which is a thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

A

Dermis

22
Q

________ covers the entire body except for the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

A

Thin skin

23
Q

What cells are found and the stratum basale and respond to continuous touch stimuli

A

Merkel cells

24
Q

What are sensory receptors that respond to vibration stimuli, and are found in the hypodermis of both thin and thick skin.

A

Pacinian corpuscles

25
Q

Found in dermis. Sensitive to fine touch. Mainly found in thick skin.

A

Meissner corpuscles

26
Q

Found in hypodermis on border with dermis. Sensitive to vibrations. Both thick and thin skin but more prominent in thick skin.

A

Pacinian corpuscles

27
Q

Langerhans cells are typically found in the ____________.

A

Stratum spinosum

28
Q

What are cells called that have clear cytoplasm?

A

Clear cells

29
Q

3 types of glands found in the skin

A

Sebaceous
Eccrine
Apocrine

30
Q

What glands are found in the skin, usually associated with hair follicles. (numerous in scalp and face)

A

Sebaceous glands

31
Q

Sebaceous glands empty their oily secretion, called ______ into a hair follicle

A

Sebum

32
Q

Sebaceous glands release their products by ___________. Total disinegration of entire cells

A

Holocrine secretion

33
Q

What are sweat glands that can be found in both thin and thick skin over most of the body?

A

Eccrine (merocrine) glands

34
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are simple _______________________ like the eccrine sweat glands, but their lumens are larger.

A

simple coiled tubular glands

35
Q

The secretory cells of the apocrine glands release their products by shedding part of their apical cytoplasm; this is called ________________.

A

Apocrine secretion

36
Q

Tubules of the glands are lined by __________________________ and are influenced by hormones and start to function at puberty they are also called ___________.

A

cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells depending on the secretory stage.
Sexual scent glands

Anatomy Block 4 (9 decks)

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