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Anatomy Block 4 > Blood (smith) > Flashcards

Blood (smith) Flashcards

1
Q

SInce blood is outside of the cells it is called an _______________.

A

extracellular fluid

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2
Q

Other fluids Existing outside of the cells are __________ and lymph.

A

interstitial fluid

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3
Q

The bodies way of maintaining a balance inside the body within the normal physiolocgical limits.

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the blood?

A

Transportation -oxygen, co2, nutrients, waste, &hormones
Regulation- pH, temperature, water content
Protection- against blood loss, foreign microbes

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5
Q

Of total volume of blood what are the percentages of red blood cells, blood plasma, and white blood cells.

A

45% red
55%blood plasma
<1% white blood cells and platelets

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6
Q

White blood cells and platelets form a thin layer called a _______ between packed red blood cells and blood plasma.

A

buffy coat

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7
Q

Red blood cells are also called

A

erythrocytes

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8
Q

White blood cells are also called

A

leukocytes

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9
Q

What are the formed elements?

A

red, white blood cells, and platelets

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10
Q

Process of producing any of the formed elements

A

hemopoiesis

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11
Q

Maure RBC’s are biconcave discs that contain _________.

A

hemoglobin

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12
Q

A substance that is in red blood cells and consists of globin (protein) and the iron-containing red pigment heme.

A

Hemoglobin

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13
Q

How many molecules of oxygen can one hemoglobin molecule transport? (need to know)

A

4 molecules of oxygen

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14
Q

Why does shape matter with RBC’s?

A

High SA to volume ratio
Discs stack like plates
Discs can bend and flex

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15
Q

RBC’s are formed in a process called _____________. and is stimulated by hormone __________.

A

erythropoiesis

erythropoietin (EPO) (primarily in kidneys… some in liver)

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16
Q

True/False: RBC’s are formed through hemopoiesis and erythropoiesis.

A

True

17
Q

Worn-out and aged RBC’s are destroyed by phagocytosis in the ______ and ________, hemoglobin is recycled.

A

liver and spleen

18
Q

Condition in which oxygen- carrying capacity of blood is reduced through decreased RBC’s decresed concentration of hemoglobin.

A

Anemia

19
Q

Anemia is a sign of what?

A

hemorrhagic- loss of RBC from bleeding
iron deficiency- Most prevalent
Sickle cell- genetic defect

20
Q

Sickle cell only affects the _______ chain.

A

beta

21
Q

_____________ is a trait of sickle cell anemia.

A

Hemolytic anemia

22
Q

WBCs have a nucleus and other organelles but lack _________.

A

hemoglobin

23
Q

What are the two types of WBCs?

A 
Granular/Granulocytes- BEN
-basophils
-eosinophils
-neutrophils
Agranular/ Agranulocytes
-lymphocytes
-monocytes
24
Q

White blood cell functions:

A

defend against pathogens
remove toxins and wastes
attack abnormal cells
(basically fight inflammation and infection)

25
Q

Lymphocytes are ___cells, __ cells, and natural killer cells.

A

T cells- attack fungi, transplanted cells and cancer cells
B cells- destroy bacteria
Natural killer cells- attack certain spontaneously arising tumor cells

26
Q

WHat hormone influences platelets being formed?

A

thrombopoietin

27
Q

How are platelets formed?

A

Megakrayoblasts=> Metamegakaryocytes=> fragments into 2,000 to 3,000 fragments/platelets

28
Q

Know the hormones that are influencing making the 3 formed elements.

A

RBCs=
WBCs=
platelets= thrombopoietin

29
Q

What are the 3 phases of hemostasis (stoppage of bleeding)?

A

Vascular spasm- lasts 30 min
Platelet plug formation 15 seconds after
Blood clotting- 30 seconds after

30
Q

What are the chemicals called that cause blood clotting?

A

clotting/ coagulation factors

31
Q

A network of insoluble proteins fibers called _________ trap the formed elements of blood creating a blood clot.

A

fibrin

32
Q

What do you need for normal coagulation?

A

Vitamin K- needed by liver for synthesis of 4 clotting factors
Clot retraction- scab, tightening of fibrin clot
Fibrinolysis- dissolving of clot

Anatomy Block 4 (9 decks)

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